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IROUGK CMUTAUQUA 




Book ^as/ tr 

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COPYRIGHT DEPOSrr. 



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LEWIS MILLER 



THE FOUNDERS 




JOHN H. VINCENT 



OF CHAUTAUQUA 



A 

READING JOURNEY THROUGH 

CHAUTAUQUA 



BY 

FRANK CHAPIN BRAY 

INTRODUCTION BY 

CHANCELLOR JOHN H. VINCENT 




PUBLISHED FOR 

Qlijautauqua SIttatttuttntt 

CHAUTAUQUA, NEW YORK 
MCMV 



LIBRARY of OONGREiiS 
Two Copieb rtettivcu 

JUN 21 iiiOb 

Uopynsgi entry 
CUASS^a AAC. Nw 

//?/ CI 

COPY 6.^ 



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N »»C; 



COPYRIGHT, 190S 

FRANK CHAPIN BRAY 



STfie iLahfsttic Press 

R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY 
CHICAGO 



DEDICATION 

TO THOSE WHO HAVE KNOWN AND LOVED CHAUTAUQUA— THE CHAUTAUQUA FATHERS; 

TO THE PRESENT GENERATION— WHO WOULD 

KNOW CHAUTAUQUA BETTER; 

AND TO CHAUTAUQUANS-TO'BE — EVEN UNTO THE THIRD AND 

FOURTH GENERATION. 



College Chapel - 
Kellogg Memorial Hall 



Street and Cottage Names 
Pianoville - - - 

Arts and Crafts Village - 



Road Gate and Electric Line 



C. L. S. C. Building 



Museum Building 
School of Expression 



contents 

Dedication ---------- 7 

Introduction - - - - - - - - - - 11 

The Approach - - - - - - - - - 13 

Chautauqua Citizenship - - - - - - - - 15 

The Pier ..----.... 15 

Miller Park (The Old Auditorium) - - - - - - 19 

Comforts and Natural Beauty ------ 23 

College Building and Campus - - - - - - - 24 

Along the Ridge - - - - - - - - 26 

Hall of Pedagogy - - - - - - - - 28 

Council of Superintendents and Principals - - - - 29 

HiGGiNS Memorial Hall - - - - - - - - 29 

Outlook Club -.--_..-. ^o 

Press Club - ------... -^o 

Jewett Home -------.. ^i 

OuT-oF-DooR Classes - - - - - - - - 31 

Normal Hall ------... ^3 

School of Practical Arts - - - - - - - 33 



34 
35 



Kindergarten ----.--_. ^6 



37 
39 
39 



Town School -----.-.. ^q 



41 



Circuit of Chautauqua Lake - - - - - - - • 42 

Electric Lighting Plant - - - - - - - - 43 

Water Supply ----.--.. ^^ 

Town CoiMmon - - - - - - - - - - 44 

The Colonnade ----- . - . . ^^ 

School of Domestic Science - - - - - - - 46 

Old Associations — The Children's Temple - - - - 46 

Administration Quarter - - - - - - - - 47 

Central Offices of Chautauqua Institution - - - - 50 



50 



Chautauqua Publications ------- 52 



The Amphitheater - - . . . . = - 56 

Young People's Union - - - - - = - - 60 

Program-Making --------- 60 

Music - - - -■ - - - - - - - 61 

Denominational Houses - - - - - - - 63 

St. Paul's Grove — Hall of Philosophy - - - - - 68 

The C. L. S. C. - - - - - - - - - 72 

Alumni Hall — Class Buildings - - - - - . . 75 

Aula Christi ------... 77 

Chautauqua Trees - - - - - - - - - 82 

The Overlook — The Fence ---.... 3^ 

Sewage System — Garbage - - - - . . - 84 

Public Health ----.--.. g^ 

Physical Training — Recreation ------ . 86 

Athletic Club - - - - ----- 87 

Boys' Club - - - - - - - - - - 88 

School of Physical Education ------ 91 

Girls' Club --------.. g^ 

The Lake Front --------- g^ 

Hotel Athen^um — Boarding Cottages - - - - - q6 

Men's Club - - - - - - - . . - gg 

Woman's Club ---------- gg 

Other Clubs ---.---.. joo 

How to Enjoy Chautauqua --_.-_- iqq 

Grange Building --------- 104 

Arcade ----------- 104 

Yesterday and To-Day ------ . . 105 

To-MoRROw - - - - - - , - - - - 107 

Model of Palestine - - - - - - - - log 

A More Beautiful Chautauqua - ~ - - - - - iii 



INTRODUCTION 

Mr. Bray has told the story in a compact and captivating way — the 
story of the origin, the organization, the departments, the distinctive 
mission, and the diverse ministries of the Cliautauqua Movement. And 
he has furnished a complete handbook for the pilgrim who would ''see 
the spot" and understand its significance, the value of each part, and 
its relation to the whole. 

Chautauqua is a place "beautiful for situation," where Nature and 
Art unite to bless all who land on its shores, wander among its forests, 
float on its waters, enter its halls, and enjoy its fellowships. 

Chautauqua is an idea, embracing the ''all things" of life — art, 
science, society, religion, patriotism, education — whatsoever tends to 
enlarge, refine, and ennoble the individual, to develop domestic charm 
and influence, to make the nation stronger and wiser, and to make Time 
and Eternity seem to be what they are — parts of one noble and everlast- 
ing whole. 

Chautauqua is a force, developing the realities of life in the consenting 
personality; applying to the individual the energies that make for char- 
acter — wisdom, vision, vast horizon, ever-brightening ideals, strength of 
resolve, serenity of soul, rest in God, and the multiplied ministries that 
enable the individual to serve society. 

Chancellor, Chautauqua Institution. 
Indianapolis, Ind., March 15, 1905. 



A READING JOURNEY THROUGH 
CHAUTAUQUA 



~~ ' HE Natural Approach to Chautauqua 

^mmmmmmmmmm^L \ ^^ ^ waterway, a crystal lake, also 
^^^^^^^^^^^ named Chautauqua. One Indian legend 
/ H says the name means ''Place of the 

H Mists." Mythologically Chautauqua 

^1 Lake had peculiar associations with 

H The Great Spirit, historically it was 

H the head of a water route to the Mis- 

^H sissippi and the Gulf; the portage was 

-^^^^ only eight miles long from Barcelona 

Harbor, Lake Erie, over the water- 
shed to this spring-fed sheet of water, 
brimming like a couple of saucersful 
in the hills seven hundred feet higher 
than its neighbor of the Great Lakes. 
In our day Chautauqua is famed as a 
place of communication with great 
spirits, and the water approach may 
suggest, by reputation, springs of in- 
spiration and myriad streams of world- 
wide influence comprehenjded in the 
phrase ''Chautauqua Movement." 

Three miles from the head of the 
lake, eighteen miles from its foot, 
charmed with beauty which suffers in 
no comparison with famous Swiss lakes, 
we ride in stanch steamers (none of 
which has ever lost a passenger during 
the "season") to the Chautauqua Pier. 
To be sure, nowadays we may choose the equally picturesque shore ride 
on the modern electric line from either end of the lake — the first "trunk 
line" trolley, you will be told — which will set us down in short and 
comfortable order at the land gate. In either case, however, a tour 

13 




A Reading Journey 




On the Way 

of Chautauqua will best begin at the Pier, since that marks the historic 
approach and gateway. 

It will give us our bearings to remember that the home of Chautauqua 
Institution is over fourteen hundred feet above sea-level, twelve hours 
from New York, two hours from Buffalo, five hours from Cleveland, 
twelve hours from Chicago, five hours from Pittsburg, by trunk line 
railroad routes, and a little over one hour from Jamestown, New York, 
the nearest city. 

If imagination is strong enough, our first bird's-eye view of the 
Chautauqua grounds from the lake may remind us of the form of an 
American eagle in full majestic flight. The resemblance will at least 
suggest the character of the place as we shall find it — a national 
phenomenon, decidedly American. 

"This Chautauqua has made the name Chautauqua a noun of a multitude 
of gatherings all over the Union, and there is probably no other one educa- 
tional influence in the country quite so fraught with hope for the future of the 
nation as this and the movement of which it is the archetype." — Theodore 
Roosevelt, in address at Chautauqua. 



14 



Thirough Ctautauqua 

Sixty days (July and August) constitute the Summer Assembly 
''season" at Chautauqua. Nearly everybody has heard something about 
Chautauqua, but the unique nature of the place strikes you anew when, 
at the gates, you are reminded that admission to its privileges requires 
tuition fees in the form of gate tickets for a day, a week, a month, or 
the season. Thus it comes about that the Pier House symbolizes certain 
protection, privileges, and responsibilities of Chautauqua Citizenship, 
and once inside the gates, either as a casual visitor or having settled 
down for longer residence, your first impressions will undoubtedly raise 
several questions to which answers are at hand. 




Bird's-eye View of Chautauqua, New York 



It is explained that your gate tax or tuition fee represents your share 
in the common expense and helps to maintain the educational activities 
for which the Institution exists; the scope of these activities, it is added, 
will grow upon you according to the degree of Chautauqua life into 
which you yourself enter. 

Conceive an ''institutional town," managed by trustees, who provide 
for a season the opportunity of participating in a community life where 
persons are exceptionally free to devote their time and energies to the 
higher planes of living and thinking. To this end, you discover that 
the Institution protects the sojourner within the gates by such regula- 
tions as experience has sl^iown to be advisable. You are assured that no 
venders, no dodgers, no bill-board nuisance, no street fakirs, no agents 
or solicitors, no rowdies, no saloons with their attendant train of evils, 
will be found in this summer city. The place is safe for e^^ery member 
of the family and each member is free to associate with his fellows on 
lines of common social and intellectual interests. 

15 



Your informant goes on to say: The Institution assumes all the 
ordinary and some extraordinary services of town administration, imposed 
upon it by the special purposes of the place; fire and health protection; 
road-making and street-cleaning; sewage, light, and water systems; 
telephone system; telegraph, baggage, express, and freight facilities; 
maintenance of public buildings, building regulations, inspection and 
regulation of ^concessions necessary to supply the physical wants of the 
community. 

Again, you will be told that the Institution provides a continu- 
ous lyceum, a clearing house of ideas and program of entertainments 
throughout the season, and this daily program, open to all within the 
gates, has been Chautauqua's most spectacular attraction from season 
to season. 

Describing the Institution's summer activities from a slightly differ- 
ent point of view, another will enthusiastically declare that here is a 
''vacation school" for the whole family — combined work and play for 
all from the octogenarian to the kindergarten youngster, educational in 
purpose, but altogether delightful. 

A friend who has been here before and calls himself an ''old Chau- 
tauquan, ' ' greets you with the somewhat startling suggestion that the 
real Chautauqua isn't here at all — the C. L. S. C. in the homes of the 
people is the Greater Chautauqua to him. 

By this time the nominal tuition fee at the gate must seem to you 
rather infinitesimal compared to the riches of privilege prepared for the 
Chautauqua citizen. To see what there is and to get some kind of an 
idea of what it all means you may be glad to accept an invitation for a 
little Journey through Chautauqua. Your study tour of the grounds 
may follow the plan of this Reading Journey to advantage. The Jour- 
ney begins at the Pier. 

The Pier stands at the apex of a broadly triangular plot of thickly 
wooded land one hundred and eighty-five acres in extent. At this 
"point," originally called "Fair Point," the slope is almost impercep- 
tible to the water' ^ edge; back a distance of about two city blocks the 
surface rises somewhat abruptly, evidently marking a previous level of 
the water; thereafter the slope is gradual toward the summit of hills 
behind the grounds. Measured from the landing point the first triangle 
of land occupied (1874 to 1876) was small compared to the present 
acreage. The original plot consisted of eighty acres. It was owned by 
a Methodist camp-meeting association, from which Chautauqua Lake 

16 



A Reading Journey 



Sunday School Assembly secured the land for its educational purposes, 
and in 1877, by act of legislature, the name Fair Point became Chau- 
tauqua. Successive additions first along one shore, then along the other 
(seventy additional acres under water bordering the entire shore line, 
eleven acres for a reservoir in the hills), and lastly a broadening of the 
base line of the triangle have given the present proportions — a total area 
of two hundred and fifty-nine acres. Historically as well as topographi- 
cally the Pier is the starting-point for our Journey through Chautauqua. 
Besides dock, ticket, and baggage and express offices, the Pier build- 
ing houses a number of concessions, affords a promenade veranda, con- 
tains a number of rooms used by music students, and supports a tower 
with a Seth Thomas town clock and a chime of Meneely bells. The 
clock, which strikes the big F bell of the chimes, was a gift to Chautau- 
qua by the Seth Thomas Clock Company, valued at nine hundred dollars. 
The Chimes consist of ten bells, weighing in the aggregate more than 
five tons (10,681 pounds), the largest weighing 3,033 pounds, the small- 
est 275 pounds. The bells are cast to give the tones of E fiat, F, G, 
A fiat, B flat, C, D fiat, D, E fiat, and F. This provides a full octave 
of tones in the key of E fiat, with the addition of the fiat seventh which 
is D fiat, and one note above the octave. Thus tunes on the bells can 
be played in the key of E fiat and of A fiat. 

The chimes were first rung on ''opening day" of the twelfth annual 
Assembly in 1885. They succeeded a peal of three bells, and were hung 
on an open platform at the * 'point. " In 1 886, the followmg year, the Pier 

House was built and the chimes were 
hung in the tower. For the tower 
Mrs. W. M. Harrison of Minneapolis 
gave two hundred and fifty dollars. 
The chimes cost approximately five 
thousand dollars, and the money for 
them came chiefiy from the Chautau- 
qua Literary and Scientific Circle, 
proceeds of sales of Bishop Vincent's 
book on "The Chautauqua Move- 
ment," and a contribution by Mr. 
Clinton H. Meneely. Chimes are 
rung for "goodnight" during the sea- 
son and to signalize special occasions. 
One of the original peal of bells, called the "Bryant bell" in mem- 
ory of William Cullen Bryant's interest in the C. L. S. C. movement, 

18 




Ringing the Bryant Bell 



Tlirough Chautauqua 




^ 



The Pier 



Photo by G. K. Adams 



also hangs in the tower, and this is the bell which is rung to announce 
the hours for routine public exercises of the Assembly. The Bryant 
bell has a further appeal to thousands of people everywhere, because it is 
ceremoniously rung on the first of October each year as the signal for 
the opening of the Home Reading year of the Chautauqua Literary and 
Scientific Circle. 



Back from the Pier House the cement walk leads quickly to the 
beginning of a semi-circular row of cottages which border the grove now 
called Miller Park. In the beginning this w^as the center of things. 
They called it The Auditorium. The auditorium consisted of a covered 
speaker's stand, and rows of bench seats set in order among the trees. 
Two rows of tents and cottages completed an ellipse entirely surrounding 
the auditorium, and half of this cottage formation remains on the right 
side to show the original arrangement. Indeed, buildings in clumps 
pressed in all directions well down to the point, now fortunately cleared 
and reserved as a park. Fire during the winter of 1890 destroyed some 
seventy buildings on the left between the point and the hotel front; in 
rebuilding, restriction to certain classes of cottages and wise park reser- 
vations were observed. 

19 




20 



ji Reading Journey 




Miller Cottage and Tent 



At the old auditorium the first Chautauqua Assembly was held in 
1874. It was a two weeks' gathering in the woods of persons interested 
chiefly in the improvement of Sunday School methods, inspired by Lewis 
Miller of Akron, Ohio, and John H. Vincent, then of New York. These 
two devoted men have been known ever since as the Founders of Chau- 
tauqua. Here was the seed of the Chautauqua Idea planted, which was 
destined to grow into a system of popular education recognized the world 
over as one of the greatest educational movements of the age. 

The stump of a giant tree, partially preserved by cement, remains 
to mark the corner of the site of the old speaker's stand. At the 
rear of the auditorium Lewis Miller erected his cottage; the Miller cot- 

22 



Th)rough Chautauqua 

tage and tent adjoining, typical of the earlier days, are now occupied 
each year by members of the Miller family, and constitute historic land- 
marks to old Chautauquans. 

Associated with the old auditorium are the names of President 
U. S. Grant, John B. Gough, P. P. Bliss, Bishop Simpson, Philip 
Phillips, Theodore L. Cuyler, General Clinton B. Fisk, T. DeWitt 
Talmage, Lyman Abbott, Joseph Cook, John P. Newman, Bishop R. 
S. Foster, Dr. J. M. Buckley, John Lord, Professor G. Ogden Dore- 
mus, Lowell Mason, W. F. Sherwin, Frank Beard, Frances E. Wil- 
lard, Emily LIuntington Miller, and a great host of others who early 
made the Chautauqua platform famous. 

When it rained the audience scampered to a big circus tent on the 
hill where proceedings were continued according to program. It was 
after one of these precipitate and unconventional transfers of audience 
that the sonorous tones of the presiding officer announced to the drizzled 
but devoted reassemblers, "It sometimes rains at Chautauqua," where- 
upon the auditors broke into such laughter that the phrase is a standing 
joke used with great effect upon occasion to this day. 




Along the North Shore 



Compared to those primitive 
days of tents and rough lumber. 
Comforts of Living have come to 
Chautauqua. Frances E. Willard 
used to say that the early Chau- 
tauquans "dwelt in tents and pur- 
poses. ' ' But as we turn to the right 
and drive the length of the north 
shore of the grounds, the lakeside 
reveals not only ample boarding 
cottages, which are virtually small 
hotels, but handsome private res- 
idences indicating that Chautauqua 
appeals to the well-to-do as well as 
to persons in moderate circum- 
stances. 

Observe on the way that two 
wooded glades or small ravines 
have been preserved in all their 
Natural Beauty. They tempt the 
camera at once, especially where 



23 



A Readingjourney 

the span of a rustic bridge opens a charming vista. Nor need you 
be surprised to see a field class of grown men and women in one of 
these glades following a teacher down the course of the little stream to 
where it empties into the lake and is ''making land" at its miniature delta. 




Rustic Bridge and Glade 



The limits of the grounds in this direction, touched by a spur of the 
steam railroad, are occupied by a spacious open reserve known as the 
College Campus. No buildings can be erected on the campus, which 
affords a magnificent lake view from the College Building. We ascend 
the slope to this building which was erected in 1887 and bears the sign, 
''College of Liberal Arts." 

Architecturally this structure has been facetiously described by a 
well-known writer as a "Moorish barn"; it is at least semi-monumental 
in character, and it represents one of the three great branches of Chau- 
tauqua Institution — the Summer Schools. Chautauqua's summer school 
work was a pioneer in the movement now so general among universities 
and colleges. While of necessity the laboratory facilities of many institu- 

24 



Ttrough Ctautauqua 




View of Campus and Lake from College Building 



tions are lacking, here, the combined advantages for summer study 
and inspirational life at Chautauqua draw two thousand one hundred 
to two thousand five hundred students each season, assuring its contin- 
ued position as one of the largest in the United States. 

To the Sunday School Normal Classes of the first Assembly, class 
instruction in Hebrew was added at the second Assembly in 1875. The 
number of other classes increased from season to season. In 1883 
William R. Harper, now president of the University of Chicago, came 
to the Chautauqua Summer School work; becoming head of that depart- 
ment he strengthened and developed it to high efficiency during sixteen 
years of service. Correspondence courses in all branches of collegiate 
studies were here established as the ** College of Liberal Arts"; an 
important and successful advance in methods, but requiring endowment 
which Chautauqua was unable to provide. Some four hundred students 
were eventually turned over to colleges and universities which had estab- 
lished correspondence courses. 

25 




j1 Reading Journey 

The college building is the center of the Chautauqua Summer 
Schools, thoroughly organized, and classified under thirteen departmental 
heads: 

English Language and Literature. 

Modern Languages. 

Classical languages. 

Mathematics and Science. 

Psychology and Pedagogy. 

Religious Teaching. 

Library Training. 

Domestic Science, 

Music. 

The Arts and Crafts. 

Expression. 

Physical Education. 

Practical Arts. 

Under these heads approximately one hundred and eighty courses 
are offered. From seventy to ninety teachers selected from different 
colleges and universities make up the faculty for the six weeks summer 
session. Hence no single school of thought or methods predominates; 
variety is secured, and one may choose what he prefers. Private tutoring 
is also offered, and college credits can be arranged. On typical lists of 
instructors appear representatives from Yale, Harvard, Princeton, 
Chicago, Northwestern, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Ohio 
State, Columbia, Cornell, Williams, Washington, Haverford, Allegheny, 
Purdue, Bucknell, Hamline, Simmons, Pratt Institute, Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology, various state normal schools, special training 
schools, preparatory schools, and high schools. 

The environment is conducive to overflow of classes from the college 
building; you will discover them in all parts of the grounds, outdoors, 
on verandas, in all kinds of available space which can be appropriated. 
A reference library, office, and twenty class-rooms are provided by the 
college building itself. But we shall remember that concretely this 
building stands for the entire Summer School department of Chautauqua 
Institution. 



In front of the college we stand on a ridge some seventy feet above 
the level of the lake. The journey along this ridge will take us to the 
business center of the grounds and thence, with slight deflection from an 

26 



Tf)rough C/)autauqua 




ji Reading Journey 

air line, to the corresponding site on the opposite side of our triangle. 
Since the majority of the public buildings are located near this ridge line, 
one may appropriately think of it as the ^'backbone" or spinal column 
of the town. 




Hall of Pedagogy 



Next to the college is a double turreted structure labeled Hall of 
Pedagogy. This is the class-room building for the Summer School of 
Psychology and Pedagogy; it is also the special headquarters of one 
of the New York State Institutes of public school-teachers held at Chau- 
tauqua each summer. The Institute has its own state corps of instructors, 
and those who attend are accorded certain privileges in the Chautauqua 
schools besides the advantages of the public program and unique com- 
munity life. Institute sessions have been lengthened from three to four 
weeks. The attendance averages about seven hundred. Examinations 
for teacher's certificates are also given at stated periods in this building. 

The Institute maintains three departments: Collegiate, Psychology 
and Pedagogy, Drill and Review. Nine branches are carried in the first 
department, ten in the second, eight in the third. The teaching corps 
for the Institute numbers forty-five persons. 

28 



Thjrough Chautauqua 

School Superintendents and Principals have organized a Na- 
tional Council which holds daily conferences at Chautauqua during the 
school sessions, the advantages of such a grouping of specialists being 
naturally apparent where so many experienced pedagogues can meet for 
discussion and report. 

Beyond the Hall of Pedagogy is a beautiful pressed brick and terra- 
cotta memorial building called Higgins Hall. It was given in 1895 by 
Hon. Frank W. Higgins (governor of New York State 1905, trustee of 
Chautauqua Institution since 1895) and his sister in memory of their 
father. Higgins Hall is one of the most useful as well as attractive 




HiGGixs Hall 



Chautauqua buildings. It is a favorite for receptions and other social 
gatherings, musical recitals, and readings; it is the regular meeting-place 
for the "Outlook Club," and occasional sessions of the "Press Club," 
and other organizations during the season. As likely as not some one 
of the summer school classes otherwise unprovided for will be at work 
here when we visit it. 

29 



A Reading Journey 

The Outlook Club dates from the year 1892, having been organ- 
ized for the benefit of young women over fifteen. This club is both 
social and educational. It often entertains distinguished guests at 
Chautauqua, and its affairs for the Chautauqua young people are dis- 
tinguished for cleverness and originality. Club committee service to 
strangers at Chautauqua has been exceedingly helpful at times. The 
regular morning sessions are informal, but directed by a competent 
graduate teacher as president, and discussions, story-telling, readings, 
question boxes, papers, advice regarding social usages, plans for enter- 
tainment, and so forth, make up delightful programs. Club colors and 
monogram pins are badges of distinction. 





f|%^ 



Outlook Club (iroup ln Circus T)\y Costume 



All literary workers at Chautauqua are eligible to membership in 
the Press Club upon registration. The basis of the organization is 
purely social. In co-operation with the Press Bureau at Chautauqua, 
however, members are frequently able to aid each other in professional 
work. As many as one hundred and fifty active newspaper, periodical, 
and book writers have been enrolled in the Press Club during a sum- 
mer. Besides an annual excursion, one or two Press Club ''Author's 
Nights" have become ''events of the season." Distinguished authors 
have frequently read from their own works on these occasions, and 
lesser lights have quite distinguished themselves on opportunity. Prizes 
for Chautauqua stories, an evening of "Rejected manuscripts" and 
other specialties have been featured by the Press Club. 

30 



Through Cl)autauqua 




Jewett Home 

Opposite Higgins Hall, at the corner of McClintock Avenue, stands 
another memorial building, the Jewett Home. This commodious cottage 
is a dormitory accommodating about twenty-five young women, to whom 
rooms and a common kitchen are furnished free during the season. Such 
accommodations are in great demand by deserving women who desire to 
enjoy Chautauqua advantages for study, and yearly the applications are 
embarrassing in number. The cottage invariably contains an inter- 
esting group who make up a notable family under the matron in charge. 
"Family" excursions, home entertainments, social gatherings, add to 
the season's enjoyment. Jewett Home was established in 1886, through 
the generosity of Mrs. A. H. Jewett of Philadelphia. The furnishings 
of many of the rooms have been given by different individuals. 

That cluster of long wooden seats in the grove on the right hand, 
whether occupied or not as we pass, will show that Chautauqua Classes 
Out of Doors have characterized Chautauqua work in some measure 
ever since it began. Does this suggest the philosophy of the ''return to 
nature" of which we hear no little nowadays? Some one appropriately 

31 



A Readingjourney 




designated this section of trees "the Academia" in days gone by, 

although this name is not now in common use. It borders one of the 

glades, and this region 
is a favorite for field 
observation by the 
nature study classes. 
At times you may see 
groups of fifteen or 
twenty people armed 
with opera glasses and 
cameras, bird hunting. 
From sixty to seventy 
varieties of birds have 
been found within the 
grounds. Some of 
the cottagers liere- 
abouts know how to 
attract the birds, and 
you may if you will 
get a glimpse at your 
left of a prize Chau- 
tauqua back yard be- 
tween four cottages, where birds are welcomed to houses built especiallv 

for them. The flora 

on the Chautauqua 

grounds also affords 

an exceedingly varied 

field of observation. 

One collector has 

classified no fewer 

than two hundred and 

thirty - two different 

species. Mushrooms 

and allied fungi occur 

in great variety. The 

lake adds a rich quota 

of specimens for study, 

hydra, polyzoa, cray- 
fish, leeches, and 

aquatic plants. 



S^KETCH Class 




Outdoor Class 



32 



Thjrough Ct}autauqua 




Prize Back Yard 

Between the two glades (which we crossed further down earher in 
our journey) on a knoll to the right, is Normal Hall. The study of the 
Bible and Sunday School methods, the raison d'etre of the first Chautau- 
qua Assembly, is thus monumentalized, if we may use an architectural 
term in a broad sense. Amid the variety of topics Bible courses have 
always maintained a leading position at Chautauqua. Indeed, a live 
religious spirit is fundamental to Chautauqua. It fxuds most encour- 
aging expression in unusually interesting aspects of life in this summer 
community, easily discernible throughout our tour of inspection. 
Suffice it to say here that Normal Hall, erected in 1885 by alumni of 
the Bible Normal Classes, stands for the best type of instruction in the 
Book, in methods of teaching, and the application of interpreted prin- 
ciples to every-day living. No branch of Chautauqua work is given 
more careful attention in order that it may be strong and helpful. 

Space for summer schools is in such demand that Normal Hall, like 
every other public building at Chautauqua, does not escape from doubling 
up its service. On week days it has provided headquarters for the 
School of Practical Arts, including shorthand (which has been taught 

33 



^ Reading Journey 

at Chautauqua for more than twenty years), typewriting and business 
training (teachers normal, commercial, bookkeeping, and penmanship 
courses). Parliamentary Law classes of this school, for men and women, 
may be found at certain hours in the College Chapel. 




Normal Hall 

College Chapel is the next public building, back one block as we 
travel. It is painted red, and is likely to be quite overlooked by the 
casual visitor. Why this structure should have been so placed is an 
unanswered question: its location, however, testifies to a degree of 
planlessness in the development of the town, judged by the modern 
standard of landscape treatment of towns and cities. A chapel was 
needed, here was an empty lot, result — the building. Its audience-room 
has been used for morning college chapel exercises, for Bible and other 
summer classes, particularly those of the School of Religious Teaching. 
Despite such evidences of lack of planning one is nevertheless impressed 
by the amount of natural grouping of public buildings which reveals 
itself in this city in the woods. It would seem as if the place had a 
character which has been inevitably expressed; one may read the story 
of its development in all stages if he but has eyes to see. 



34 



Tl)rough Chautauqua 




Kellogg Hall 



Kellogg Hall occupies the next plot, almost hiding the chapel. It 
was moved to this site in 1905, but it was erected in 1889 by James H. 
Kellogg, in honor of his mother, and its full title is Anne M. Kellogg 
Memorial Hall. It might be called a Woman's Building, on account of 




j} Reading Journey 



the women's interests which cen- 
ter in it. The Woman's Chris- 
tian Temperance Union has head- 
quarters here, and the room 
boasts a beautiful memorial win- 
dow, dedicated in 1904 to the 
memory of the late Frances E. 
Willard, the most famous presi- 
dent of the Woman's Christian 
Temperance Union. It is a mat- 
ter of history that the inception 
of this famous woman's organiza- 
tion took place at Chautauqua in 
the first assembly year, 1874. 
The memorial window is the gift 
of Mr. and Mrs. John C. Martin 
of New York. The Young 
Woman's Christian Temperance 
Union has headquarters in this 
building; it houses the kinder- 
garten, ceramic, and other classes. 

Chautauqua has been called 
a veritable ''children's para- 
dise, ' ' for nature has provided a 
never-failing wonderland, and the 
protected conditions of living 
within the grounds guarantee 
unusual safety for a free child 
life. Children are more than 
welcome at Chautauqua, they are 
not liable to harmful compan- 
ionships, and elaborate provision 
is made for directing their activ- 
ities. Kindergarten classes 
were estabhshed as early as 1885. The nursery kindergarten will 
take care of children under four during morning and afternoon periods; 
ten trained kindergartners compose the faculty of the Summer Kinder- 
garten for the children up to seven years of age. Under such guidance 
both indoor and outdoor experiences at Chautauqua educate and delight. 

36 




Frances E. Willard Memorial Window 



Thirough C/)autauqua 

We shall return to the new store building (the colonnade) diagonally 
opposite this corner, but a detour from Pratt Avenue, the ''backbone," 
which we have been following, is advisable in order to make our journey 
comprehensive. 

Turning at a right angle from the front of the colonnade we follow a 
short street running straight back to the rear of the grounds, to the base 
line of the triangle on our map. Ames Avenue it is called, after Bishop 
Ames of the Methodist Episcopal Church. And this name reminds us 
of the Methodist camp-meeting land ownership prior to the establishment 
of Chautauqua Assembly. Simpson Avenue, Asbury Avenue, Whit- 
field Avenue, and the like, are among the large number of Names of 
Streets similarly indicating original influences. Vincent, Miller, Wythe, 
Warren, Root, and Pratt avenues denote another class of street names 
perpetuating pioneer Chautauqua personahties. North, South. Forest, 
Maple, Ramble, Lake, Terrace, Palestine, Prospect avenues, carry 
obvious local significance. The street names of the "overlook" addition 
to the grounds, such as Emerson, Lowell, Longfellow, Whittier, Haw- 
thorne, and Bryant, indicate later influences upon Chautauqua nomen- 
clature. 

An examination of the map will show how successive additions have 
been plotted, each largely for itself in the more or less haphazard way 
towns have of doing. It is fortunate, however, that natural topography 
and regard for the forest trees have compelled a picturesqueness and 
irregularity of street lines which add beauty and charm that the regu- 




^MUU 




Kindergarten Teeter 
37 



Photo by H. Fry 



A Reading Journey 

lar right-angled blocks of the so-called grid-iron plan can never give. 
This is not to say that certain street lines could not be improved upon 
by expert landscape treatment of the Chautauqua plot as a whole: such 
improvement in these days is being planned for; the notable fact in this 
connection is the power of natural beauty in determining development 
when its demands are not deliberately or thoughtlessly overridden, but 
are given half a chance by the builders of towns and cities. 

The curious observer may also take a passing interest in the bewilder- 
ing array of names which have been bestowed on cottages at Chautauqua. 
He will probably give up the attempt to account for or classify them 
since they include names of owners, home states or towns, and such 
a variety as Albion, Aldine, Arhngton, Ashland, Babbitt, Beaujean, 
Belvedere, Bide-a-wee, Bird's Nest, Bryant, Cambridge, Carey, Chau- 
tauqua Villa, Cleveland, Colonnade, Colonial, Columbia, Columbine, 
Cooper, Cook, Crown Villa, Empire, Fox, Fredonia, Girard, Glenn, 
Glen Park, Goldenrod, Grecian Lily, Greybiel, Grey Gables, Indiana, 
Keystone, Lake Front, Lakeside, Lebanon, Longfellow, Morey, 
Mathews, Muncie, National, Niagara, Ohio, Palace, Panama, Pitts- 
burg, Resthaven, Rochester, Spencer, Snow, St. Elmo, Shadyside, 
Tyrone, Vermont, Wight, Widrig, Westfield, Westley. 

Where Ames meets the tortuous Palestine Avenue the view is open, 
over rolling land off to the right, to where the trolley line has snipped 
off a corner in return for valuable service rendered. Until a few years 
ago this section was filled with barns, livery stable, wood and coal yards — 




^<^iii^ 



^li 



f:-^ 



Kindergarten Straw Ride 

38 



Thjrough Chautauqua 



these having been transferred to ground acquired beyond the pubhc 
highway, the tract has been reclaimed, although not fully developed. 
That group of little one-story frame buildings in the distance, about a 
dozen of them, purposely isolated, contain pianos during the Chautauqua 
season, so that some of the legion of music-school pupils at practice from 
dawn to night chimes in this Pianoville may neither disturb others or 
be themselves disturbed. Detached cottages of similar pattern used by 
the heads of the violin and piano teaching corps may be seen in differ- 
ent parts of the grounds. 




Arts and Crafts Village 



From our point of view at Ames and Palestine we twist around a 
block to reach the quaint canopied entrance of the Arts and Crafts 
Village just ahead of us. This village is one of the most interesting 
recent acquisitions at Chautauqua. The enclosure and grouping of 
buildings show in the first place what excellent results craftsmen can 
obtain from ordinary material, such as lattice work and buildings no 
longer useful for their original purposes. But this group, unique though 
it be, is confessedly temporary; land has been bought and reserved in the 
open space we saw a few moments ago between Pianoville and the 

39 



jl Reading Journey 

College, for a permanent series of shops and studios to be erected in 
style befitting the character and importance of the revival of handicrafts. 
Lectures for the arts and crafts guild, and classes in the Fine Arts, 
outdoor sketching, painting, drawing, clay modeling, ceramics, wood- 
working, metal carving, weaving, bookbinding, leather modeling and 
carving, and pottery indicate the scope of the activities of this section 
of the Summer Schools. The work appeals to persons of all ages, and 
since its introduction at Chautauqua, in 1 90 1, it has grown rapidly. 
Visitmg days are very popular, for people like to see things in the 
making, and the arts and crafts exhibition at the close of the school 
season is an important event on the calendar. 




Class in Pottery, Arts and Crafts Village 



Beyond the fence a fine Union School Building with well-kept 
grounds attracts attention. It provides for the needs of the popu- 
lation of the town and vicinity through the regular school months of the 
year. The building was erected in 1 899. Building and grounds are valued 
at fifteen thousand dollars. There are four class-rooms on the first 
floor; two class-rooms, a large assembly hall, laboratory, and a library 
of some five hundred volumes on the second floor. During the winter 
the enrollment is about one hundred and twenty pupils. There are four 

40 



Th)rough Chautauqua 




Road Gate axd Station of Electric Line 



teachers besides the principal, and the regular high-school course is 
included in the work. Comporting with the modern tendency toward 
the consolidation of rural schools, pupils from Stowe, five miles away, 
are brought to the Chautauqua building by special trolley car every day 
at the expense of the Stowe district board. 

At the Road Gate and Trolley Station adjoining the Arts and 
Crafts village we stand on the base line of the rough triangle bounding 
Chautauqua. The elevation is the highest in the plot, and we are at the 
head of the street called Vincent Avenue, which runs down to the Pier 
at the apex of our triangle. It is not easy to overestimate the impor- 
tance of the electric line, completed in 1904, from Jamestown to Mayville 
along this side of the lake. It not only gave direct rail connection with 
trunk Hues of railroads, but took away Chautauqua's isolation in the 
winter, when the lake is closed to navigation. Mail, express, and freight 
facilities, as well as passenger service, all the year, presage the possi- 
bility of a community development between summer seasons that was 
previously inconceivable. In the summer, tourists will appreciate the 
comforts of through Pullman cars from trunk lines of railroads, trans- 
ferred by the trolley direct to the Chautauqua grounds. And for excur- 

41 



j4 Readingjourney 



sionists from nearby cities the electric line has brought Chautauqua next 
door. The Chautauqua traction line connects at Jamestown with elec- 
tric cars for Falconer and Warren, Pennsylvania; extension of the line 
to Westfield is under way for connection with the Lake Shore Traction 
lines between Cleveland and Buffalo. 

The public highway, which the electric line follows here except to 
avoid hard grades, is flanked by a fence for the length of the Chautauqua 
grounds. The road is fine and invites to drives for which the region is 
well known. A forty-five-mile Circuit of Chautauqua Lake is 
charming; it is thirteen miles to Lakewood, a fashionable summering 
place; fifteen to Celoron, the amusement resort; eighteen to James- 
town; ten back to Bemus Point (here the lake narrows so that a short 
ferry cuts it in two); eight more to Point Chautauqua; five thence to 
Mayville; and it is about five miles back to Chautauqua from the height 
of the watershed above Mayville at the head of the lake, where you 
may see Lake Chautauqua's waters behind you, and in front of you a 
magnificent panorama limited only where the waters of Lake Erie 
seem to meet the clouds beyond miles of fertile shore line, as far as 
the eye can reach. Drives to Barcelona Harbor, the historic portage 
point on Lake Erie; or to ''Panama Rocks" in the hills, are attractive. 

Across the road from the ''grounds" Chautauqua has acquired 
sufficient land for "barn town," livery stable, fuel yards, laundry, 
storage-room, and other municipal services. 




42 



Tl)rough Cbautauqua 




I ZZI^HE brick structure with the tall chimney is the 

1^ ^ Electric Lighting Plant owned and op- 

erated by the Institution. The estimated 
value of the building and its equipment is 
sixteen thousand three hundred dollars. It 
has two boilers, two engines, a two-phase 
alternating current generator, three 
direct current generators, an arc gen- 
erator, alternating and direct current 
switchboards. The capacity of the 
plant is four thousand two hundred and 
fifty incandescent, thirty arc lights; two 
thousand four hundred incandescents 
and eighteen arc lights are in use in 
the season. The lighting system of the grounds requires twenty- 
three and one-half miles of wire in lines and feeders, and nine miles of 
wire for street lighting. Service for public buildings and house lighting 
as well as motor power within the grounds has been rapidly extended 
since the construction of the olant in 1900, and service is maintained all 
the year. 

For a summer city absolutely pure water is a paramount necessity. 
Perched upon a derrick you will see the tank above Artesian Water wells 
which supply drinking-water of tested quality to Chautauqua town. This 
takes the place of drinking-water from private wells, 
except a few that have stood the test of constant 
expert analysis under the direction of the Board of 
Health. A natural gas well furnishes sufficient power 
to pump the artesian flow into the derrick tank for 
distribution by gravity. 

The main Water Supply for general purposes, fire 
protection, and the like, flows from a large reservoir, 
half a mile further up the hill back of the Chautauqua 
grounds, one hundred and thirty-five feet above the 
level of the lake. There are eleven acres in the 
reservoir plot, and the reservoir has a capacity of ten 
million gallons. This water is pumped from the 
lake, the protected intake lying six hundred feet from 
the shore, at a depth of forty feet. The main pump 
may be seen underground adjoining the Men's Club. 




^.#1^ 



Artesian Water 
Tower 



43 



j4 Readingjourney 

Distribution to all parts of the grounds from the reservoir is by gravity, 
through six and four inch mains, with some two miles of lateral 
branches and four miles of smaller ones. There are twenty fire 
hydrants on the grounds. 

The water system, like the lighting system, is owned and operated 
by the Institution. 

From our "outside" excursion we return to the road-gate at the head 
of Vincent Avenue. Landscape men would call this street one of the 
main circulation arteries, since it affords a clear way between the land 
and water gateways. As it happens, successive additions of land inside 
the grounds have been made first on one side and then on the other of 
this main line; at no time, however, does this line appear to have 
accurately bisected the tract. 

Down Vincent Avenue half-way to the Pier we again strike the 
''backbone" ridge of our Journey, which crosses our path at right angles. 
The vicinity of this intersection is growing to be the administrative center 
of Chautauqua Institution. It has long been the marketing center of 
the town. 

Prompt advantage was taken of an unpremeditated bonfire, furnished 
in 1904 by a bunch of time-worn frame store buildings, to apply 
approved principles of civic improvement here. Instead of building up 
the square again it was left open; and the Colonnade or business block 
rising on our left was located well back and facing the open square, 
plans being adequate for enlargement in harmony with artistic treatment 
of the site. A generous friend of the Institution asked for the privilege 
of making over the open space into a beautiful park garden. This is in 
effect a suggestive "Town Common." And an "official dreamer" for 
Chautauqua has conceived it to be the beginning of an Assembly Green, 
eventually extending to the group of buildings in St. Paul's Grove, nine 
streets away. 

For our little detour from the "backbone" we departed from the side 
of the Colonnade; we have returned to its facade on our left; if we 
should turn at once to our right we would be following the spinal ridge 
again, along which the face of the Colonnade looks as far as it can. 

The chief purpose of The Colonnade is to house the merchandizing 
concessions necessary to serve the needs of a resident population in the 
height of the summer season exceeding ten thousand persons, not count- 
ing day excursionists. Milk, meat, bread, drugs, groceries, dry goods, 

44 



77)rouffh Clyautauqua 





45 



A Reading Journey 

hardware, barber shop, and hke concessions are licensed by the Institu- 
tion under proper regulations. Since revenue from the license fees goes 
toward the support of the Institution, hucksters, or solicitors from out- 
side firms which contribute nothing to sustain the work, are not permit- 
ted to enter the grounds; but the Institution undertakes to regulate the 
prices where in ordinary communities competition would be depended 
upon to fix them. This Colonnade of brick and stone was built in 1905 
at a cost of thirty-one thousand dollars. 

The post-office is conveniently located in the center of this building. 

In the printing-office, to be moved and installed here, you may see the 
mechanical processes of printing the Assembly Daily Herald during the 
season; and a double magazine linotype in operation, that marvelous 
modern invention for typesetting, is well worth a visit. This linotype 
also sets all the text of The Chautauquan magazine. 

And of course by this time we should be surprised to find a public 
building roof at Chautauqua which did not cover some kind of a school; 
in this case it is a School of Domestic Science with a Domestic 
Science exhibit, teachers' conference, lectures and demonstrations, normal 
courses and practical courses, courses in food and dietetics, cookery, 
household management, administration of the home, sanitation, applied 
chemistry, school-room methods in cookery, principles of teaching and 
sewing. The school also operates an attractive tea-room. 

To old Chautauquans the open court on the left as we come out of 
the Colonnade has Associations of Historic Interest. In Auditorium 
times this was the site of the pavilion or circus tent for rainy days. For 
several years an elaborate model of the Jewish Tabernacle stood here. 
Here also was erected a plaster model of the Great Pyramid of Cheops. 
To the same Chautauqua period belonged the ''pathway of Roman his- 
tory," a series of labeled posts along Pratt Avenue laid out on the 
scale of a foot to each year of Roman history. In this court, then 
called Centennial Park, Arbor Day was observed in the year 1876. 
The semi-circle of trees to be seen there now was planted by the two 
founders of Chautauqua, and by Dr. James Strong, P. P. Bliss, W. W. 
Wythe, Rev. Joseph Leslie, and others. Across Vincent Avenue stood 
the old School of Languages and other rough board buildings long since 
vanished. The refreshment booth now located here is a newcomer. 

The first structure beyond the park-garden is the Children's Temple, 
with a single exception the oldest public building now standing at Chau- 

46 



TTjrough Chautauqua 



tauqua. It is probable that 
the plan of this building has 
served as a model for an un- 
paralleled number of copies 
in all parts of the globe, for 
it contained a Sunday School 
room constructed according 
to a design originated by 
Lewis Miller: a semi-circular 
audience chamber, with sep- 
arate class-rooms ranged 
about it which could be en- 
tirely shut off from each other 
or thrown into one as desired. 
Mr. Miller contributed the 
Children's Temple to Chau- 
tauqua in 1878. The second 
generation of Chautauquans 
have vivid memories of the 
Children's Classes, Christian 
Ethics meetings, and other 
exercises conducted here by 





Plaster Model of Great Pyramid of Cheops 

47 



First School of Languages 

B. T. Vincent, Frank Beard, and others 
when the building was in its 
prime. It has temporarily 
served various purposes in 
recent years, sheltering ex- 
hibits, concessions, the omni- 
present Summer School class- 
es, organization headquarters, 
and latterly the apparatus of 
the Chautauqua Fire Depart- 
ment (hook and ladder and 
two hose companies). 



The Administration 
Quarter lies just ahead of 
us, where the main offices of 
Chautauqua Institution are 
located. As the work of 
Chautauqua has grown the 



A Readingjourney 



Children's Temple 

problem of administration has changed and forced a gradual concentra- 
tion of administration at Chautauqua town. Improved facilities of com- 
munication and transportation have come to make such concentration 
more and more practicable, and the development of the work requires 
not only centralization, but a force of persons devoting their time to 
administration all the year round. 

If one remembers that in a peculiar sense Chautauqua town has been 
made for the Institution, not the Institution for the town, a number of 
things that seem queer to the superficial observer will explain them- 
selves. Chautauqua the place is essentially incidental to Chautauqua 
the Idea. The idea has evolved as an Institution for popular education, 
having three great branches: (i) Summer Assembly; (2) Summer 
Schools; (3) Reading Courses for education at home during the rest of 
the year. In the correlation and administration of this work, offices, 
plant, and machinery will always be necessary, although their character 
is subject to changes on account of changing conditions. 

We are familiar with the college which possesses campus, buildings, 
and equipment; we are accustomed to think of a university possessing 
state lands, a medical school here, an observatory there, a technical plant 

48 



Tl)rough Chautauqua 

elsewhere; we shall not understand the physical Chautauqua until we 
realize that for educational work in its field the analogy to college and 
university administration must be extended through adaptation, so that 
Chautauqua Institution for its purposes shall control the town, conduct 
the various educational departments, and execute the trust imposed upon 
it by endowment in various forms. 

Chautauqua is not a commercial enterprise. It is not a stock com- 
pany. It is an educational institution chartered by the state of New 




Administration Building 

York '^to promote the intellectual, social, physical, moral, and religious 
welfare of the people. To this end it may hold meetings and provide 
for recreation, instruction, health, and comfort on its grounds at Chau- 
tauqua: conduct schools and classes: maintain libraries, museums, read- 
ing and study clubs, and other agencies for home education; publish 
books and serials, and do such other things as are needful or proper to 
further its general purpose." The charter here quoted dates from 
March, 1902, under which the official name became Chautauqua Insti- 
tution, and the administration of all departments was organized upon the 
present efficient basis. 

49 



j4 Readingjourney 

Nobody owns Chautauqua in the commercial sense. It pays only 
that kind of dividend which school and college pay in the education of 
individuals. That educational institution would be a marvel whose 
student fees began to cover running expenses. So at Chautauqua your 
gate-ticket form of tuition fee, for example, will give you choice of 
approximately three hundred public exercises during a season at an aver- 
age of two cents each. For special classes, clubs, or the home reading 
courses you will pay additional fees, but obviously revenues for the sup- 
port of Chautauqua work must come from leases of lots, municipal 
services, concessions, boarding licenses, etc., these in turn being sup- 
plemented by endowment in the form of individual services, contributed 
buildings and equipment, special funds, and general endowment. 

Chautauqua property and affairs are administered by a board of 
twenty-four trustees; they elect an executive board, and that board 
employs an executive officer called General Director. Salaries (at the 
educational, not the commercial rate) are paid only to active executive 
officers whose time is required throughout the year. 

Summer and winter the administration quarter consists of a group of 
offices. In the season you will go to the Administration Building to find 
the general director; the principal of instruction; president of the board 
of trustees; secretary of instruction; superintendent of grounds and 
buildings; head of the extension department; editorial rooms of The 
Chautauqua Press; health officer; and for leasing, licensing, police, 
school registration, water, light, and fuel, bank, express, telegraph 
and telephone. Across the way you will find the main offices of the 
Home Reading Courses, the executive secretary of the Chautauqua 
Literary and Scientific Circle, the Chautauqua Press (conducted as a 
publishing department of the Institution under contract), and next door, 
transportation and information bureaus. Between seasons you would 
find some variations in office arrangement, but the Central Offices 
OF Chautauqua Institution are maintained here all the year. 

The white columned C. L. S. C. Building already referred to was 
erected by the "Chautauqua Century Press" in 1890. Upstairs it 
provides an audience-room, called C L. S. C. Hall, used especially 
for councils of delegates to Chautauqua sent by Chautauqua Reading 
Circles in all parts of the world, and for other meetings concerned par- 
ticularly with the home-reading work. 

50 



T/)roug-h Chautauqua 



CHAUTAUQUA INSTITUTION 
A SYSTEM OF POPULAR EDUCATION 

FOUNDED IN 1 874 
By Lewis Miller and John H Vincent 

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51 



A Readingjourney 



C. L. S. C. Building 
Museum building on right, old chapel on left 

The secretarial offices below care for the mass of correspondence 
with readers, examination of review papers, badges, certificates, C. L. 
S. C. enrollment, and records. The literature used in Chautauqua 
reading courses is also published or supphed by these offices, and 
a paper is here edited and published on week days in the summer 
season. 

In passing, the antiquarian may be interested to know that the annex 
to the C. L. S. C. Building now used for shipping and store room was 
originally a chapel, which served for many years as a local church 
between seasons. It is the oldest public building on the grounds — the 
nearest approach to an historic ruin, having been erected for the third 
Chautauqua season in 1877, the year before the Children's Temple 
was built. 

Chautauqua Publications, like the Institution, show an interesting 
evolution, representing the growth of varied activities at Chautauqua and 
in the homes of the people. They comprise a daily paper at Chau- 
tauqua during the season, a monthly magazine, Chautauqua books, 
quarterlies, official reports, and multiplied forms of advertising material. 

52 



Thirough C^iautauqua 



ims^^^mms) 



Vol. XXDL— No. 43. 



CHAUTAUQUA, N. Y, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 19, 1904. 



PeiobFivb Cknt(* 




PUZZLE: FIND THE MAN WHO CAME TO HEAR THE CONCERT 



OPEinNG OF HALL. 



preHminary to Recognittoo r>a7-jAppro- 
pTiate and Inspiring Addressea by Dr. 
Georga E Vincent, Dr. Jesse L. Harlbnt 
and President W EL Hicfanao— The 
Significance of Hall of Philosophy in 
Chautauqua Life— Plans for its Com- 
pletion. 



CHAUTAUQUA VICTORIOUS. 

"Al" Sharpe's Oarsmen Keep Theodore 
E. Miller Trophy at This End 
. of the Lake. 
For the second year in recent years 
and the third time in the history of 
aquatics on Lake Chautauqua, the Chau- 
tauqua Crew proved victors yesterday 
over the four-oared combination of the 
Chadakoin Club Crew of Jamestown, 
The Chautauquans went down the lake 
with little faith in their own ability to 



And with the flash of the gun, both 
shells were off. Chauuuqua catch- 
ing the water first. The Stan was made 
at exactly 5:45 o'clock. Chautavqua's 
superior form immediately appeared. 
The garnet oarsmen took the water bel- 
ter, and in a half dozen strokes they 
had a lead of two or three lengths Then 
with that longj steady Yale stroke, the 
ChautauQua crew pushed 00, never seem- 
ing to hurry, never increasing the stroke, 
but steadily and easily lowing to victory 
The faces and hopes of Chadakotn's 
followers fell as they saw* the ease with 



MYSTERY OF BLOOD 

DEVOTIOHAL HOUR ADDRESS BY 
BISHOP JOHK a VIHCENT 

Many References to Blood in Scripturcft— 
Abhorrent to Some— The Doctrine of the 
Blood Atonement— Blood Stands for Sia 
—The Tnie Christian View— What 
Christ Did for Us. 
The Bible may be called a book of 

blood. There is a theology of blood The 



For fifty days during the season (Sundays excepted) the Assembly 
Daily Herald is published at Chautauqua. It is an eight-page paper, 
containing stenographic reports of the public addresses, interviews, 
accounts of conferences and meetings, the daily program, etc., and is 
entirely devoted to Chautauqua doings of the season. The Herald was 
established for the third Assembly season, 1876, eighteen issues, folio 
size. From 1878 to 1880 monthly issues were also printed between 
seasons; in October, 1880, these monthly issues became The Chautau- 

quan, in pamphlet form. 
Changes in the form of 
The Herald and an in- 
creased number of issues 
during the season have 
kept pace with the length- 
ening summer sessions. 
It is one of the most unique 
daily papers published 
anywhere, having special 
claims of value upon a 
large constituency present 
or absent from Chautau- 
qua in the summer. 




Assembly Herald Newsboys 



53 



A Reading Journey 




The monthly illustrated magazine, called The Chautauquan, was a 
pioneer in the popular magazine field, and it has long confuted the 
publishing tradition that a magazine established west of the Alleghanies 
cannot prove permanently successful. There are not a dozen magazines 
in the United States which can boast of equal 
or greater age. From 1880 to 1889 ten issues 
a year were pubHshed. Since 1889 it has been 
regularly issued every month. 

The Chautauquan has uniformly contained a 
part of the ''Required Readings" for members of 
the Chautauqua circles, but its scope has broad- 
ened so as to represent throughout the entire 
year topics of interest as varied and timely as 
those comprehended in the subjects brought to 
public attention by the summer Chautauqua plat- 
form. Contributors of exceptionally high stan- 
dard have given it a distinct character, popular in 
the best sense, and warranting its sub-title, ''A 
Magazine of Things Worth While." The Chautauquan^ s striking dis- 
tinction from other magazines for the home lies in its plan of classifi- 
cation of subjects in contrast to the more or less haphazard presentation 
of topics in vogue. 

Dr. Theodore L. Flood was the first editor of both The Assembly 
Herald and The Chautauquan, performing continuous and conspicuous 
service until 1899. He also inaugurated a press for the production of 
books in the C. L. S. C. Courses. All these publications are now 

produced under contract without involving the 

Institution in risks of publishing, but providing 
for return of percentages to the work of the 
Institution and control of the educational policy 
through an editorial board. 

Four books are specially prepared and issued 
each year for the regular C. L. S. C. Course. 
Thus Chautauqua's contribution to tens of 
thousands of home libraries during its history 
constitutes a remarkable educational service. 
An original type of interpretative book has been 
created; prepared by recognized authorities for 
the special needs of Chautauqua readers, many 
of them have been used in schools and colleges. 

54 



CHAUTAUQUAN 

Jtfiagayine of 
Things Worth While 




Through Chautauqua 

The Extension Department of the Institution acquaints the public 
with the phases of Chautauqua's popular educational work through large 
editions of The Chautauqua Quarterly, catalogues, Handbook of Accom- 
modations, pamphlets, and circulars in attractive and multitudinous 
variety. 

"To direct the reading for a period of years for so many thousands is to 
affect not only their present culture, but to increase their intellectual activity 
for the period of their natural lives, and thus, among other things, greatly to 
add to the range of their enjoyment." — Principal A. M. Fairbairn, Mansfield 
College, England. 

"In the family life of thousands of homes, children and parents have new 
themes brought into their horizon and talked about with a common interest at 
the table and in the evening." ^Ex-President Merrill E. Gates, of Amherst. 

"What they call the Chautauqua Idea is the notion that grown men and 
women have leisure and desire to read thoughtful books with some system; 
that education is not finished when a boy leaves school." — Edward Everett 
Hale, in The Century. 




Typical Set of Chautauqua Books 

The square tower adjoining the C. L. S. C. Building is the entrance 
to the "Museum," a building called Newton Hall when erected in 1881 
for the purpose of collecting exhibits pertaining mainly to Biblical history. 
They comprise Assyrian, Egyptian, Syrian, and miscellaneous collections 
of note, casts, models, photographs, etc. Many of these will appropri- 
ately go into the Aula Christi, now nearing completion. In the mean 
time parts of the building are used for library (upstairs), union ticket 
offices, registration, and information bureau. 

The central portion of this structure has been completely remodeled 
and is occupied by the School of Expression, which offers normal 
courses for readers and teachers, courses for beginners, reading aloud, 
vocal expression, gesture, literary and dramatic interpretation. 

55 



^ Readingjourney 




An Audience in 



Advantage was taken of the natural conformation of a ravine to con- 
struct a wooden amphitheater for pubHc assemblages at Chautauqua in 
1879. The present enlarged Amphitheater, metal roofed, was erected 
in 1893, and the roof measures about twenty-seven thousand square feet. 
It contains actual seats for an audience of five thousand two hundred 
persons, five hundred seats in the choir loft included. Taxed to its 
capacity, as it often is, with several rows of persons standing around the 
open rim, and all available spaces filled with seats, audiences have 
numbered more than seven thousand five hundred persons. The 
assembhng of so many summer residents every day in a single place is 
considered an important factor in the fostering of community spirit in 
the life of Chautauqua; and this community spirit is very much like 
what we call ''college spirit." Whether viewed from the sittings or the 
platform, a big Chautauqua audience is an impressive sight — those who 
are competent to judge have declared that no more representative Ameri- 
can audiences gather anywhere. If you should happen to be present on 
''Old First Night," the anniversary date of the opening of the first 

56 



Thirough Chautauqua 




The Amphitheater 



Assembly, you would hear the roll of states called and see representa- 
tives of every state in the union rise to their feet, besides persons from 
our new possessions and visitors from many foreign lands. 

The ''Chautauqua Salute" (originally devised in honor of a deaf- 
mute speaker on the Chautauqua platform), the waving of thousands of 
handkerchiefs, is a characteristic demonstration, used sparingly and only 
by platform authority, but "the blooming of the lilies" in the Amphi- 
theater is a striking and never to be forgotten sight. 

The Amphitheater typifies the second great branch of Chautauqua 
Institution as we journey through Chautauqua, although it represents the 
first branch in the order of historical development: the Assembly or 
Division of Lectures and Entertainments. It superseded the old audi- 
torium as the chief place of public assemblage, and, as everybody knows, 
the fame of the Chautauqua platform is international. Fortunately the 
acoustics of the Amphitheater are very good, so that the test of its size 
and open sides upon speakers and vocalists is great only because it is 
unusual. Only a part of the program of public exercises is held here, 

57 



A Reading Journey 

but this is the spectacular center which draws excursionists as well as 
summer residents by its feature attractions. 

To attempt to list the names of prominent persons who have appeared 
on the Chautauqua platform since the first Assembly of 1874 would be 
very much like making a condensed edition of ''Who's Who in America" 
and numerous foreigners besides. Educators, authors, ministers. 



DIVISION OF POPULAR LECTURES AND ENTERTAINMENTS 

A. M. Program for Thursday. August 11, 1904 

8:00 College Chapel. Rev T R. Thoburn. Chapel. 

8:20 Boys and Girls Choir. Mr Halhim, Director Amphitheater 

•8:50 "The Influence of Coercion on Character." (Summer Schools). Inspec Hughes Hall of Pedagogy. 

•8,50 "Isaiah— Chapters XIII-XXVll." (Summer Schools). Dr. Gray Chapel. 

9:00 Choir Rehearsal. Mr. Alfred Hallam, Director. Amphitheater 

9:00 Girls' Club. Miss Abigail A. Freeman. Girls' Club House 

9:00 Boys' Club. Dr. J. A. Babbitt. Boys' Club House. 

9:00 Women's Club. "Self Expression." Mrs. Emily M. Bishop Hall. 

'9:25 "Browning" (Summer Schools.) Mr. Griggs. Chapel. 

•9:25 "Choice in Education " (Summer Schools.) Inspec. Hughes. Hall of Pedagogy 

(ooo DEVOTIONAL HOUR 'A Life Ma(ie Over ' Dr J Wilbur Chapman. 
Amphitheater 

iO:oo Outlook Club (for young women). Miss Mary E. Merington. Higgins Hall 

°!0:2o "Goethe's 'Faust.' " (Summer Schools.) Mr. Griggs. Chapel. 

11:00 INTERPRETATIVE RECITAL. IV -Isaiah XL- LXVI. 'The Unity of the 
Old Testament ' " Prof Richard G. Moulton Amphitheater 

11:00 Civic Conference: "How to Build Up School, Club and Public Libraries." Miss M. B. Ahem. Temple. 

'11:10 "The Great Insect Families." (Summer Schools) Prof Schmucker Hall of Pedagogy 

P. M. 

•12:05 "The Older American School." (Summer Schools). Prof Schmucker Hall of Pedagogy 

1:50 Young People's Rally Hall. 

•1.30 Demonstration Lecture; "Economical Foods.-" Miss Barrows. Temple 

I 30 C. L. S. C. Council! Discussion of Methods of Circle Work. C. L. S. C Hall 

2.30 ADDRESS. "Our Duty in the Philippines." Hon Wm H Taft. Amphitheater. 

4:00 C L. S C ROUND TABLE: "The Nev Socialldea" Mr. Edward Howard 
Griggs Hall 

4:00 Choir Rehearsal Mr Hallam, Director Amphitheater 

5:00 LECTURE "Education in the Philippmes Miss P Zamora. Hall 

•5:00 Artists' Recital. Dr. Carl E. Dufft. Higgins Hall. 

•5:00 Recital: "Paolo and Francesca." Mr S. H. Clark. Museum. 

5.00 C. L. S. C. Readings Illustrated: "A Jaunt Through Germany." Rev E. W Morton. Temple. Chautauqua Koving Pictures. 

6:45 W C. T. U.: "Effect of Tobacco on Physical Growth." Or J W Seaver Kellogg Hall. 

7:00 Civic Conference: "Prize Packages." Miss Barrows. Temple 

7:00 German Club. Higgins Hall 

7:30 Stereopticon Prelude: "Greece" Amphitheater 

800 ILLUSTRATED LECTURE RECITAL. "Wagner • Mrs Helen Rhodes.. 
assisted by Mr Adolph Glose, pianis^. Amphitheater 

8»0 Informal Sociable for all Men at Chautouqua. Men's Club. 

8.30 Outlook Club "Tacky Party/' Higgins Hall. 

9115 Civic Conference: "The Before and After of of Improvement Work. Stereopticon. Temple. 

Note: Courses marked with ■ star [•] are open only to those holding Rjgistration Cards or Visitors' Tickets 



A Typical Day's Program 

reformers, presidents, governors, senators, congressmen, in fact leaders 
from every walk in life who have had a message have been heard by the 
people from this platform. Besides those mentioned elsewhere in the 
course of this Reading Journey, an idea of the representative character of 
the speakers may be suggested by this brief catalogue: 

Schuyler Colfax, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, William 
McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, the Earl of Aber- 

58 



7})rough Ctiautauqua 













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59 



A Readingjourney 



deen, the Countess of Aberdeen, George Adam Smith, Henry Drum- 
mond, J. P. Mahaffey. 

John Fiske, John Bach McMaster, Albert Bushnell Hart, H. E. 
Von Hoist, Washington Gladden, Rabbi Gustave Gottheil, Father P. C. 
Doyle, Julia Ward Howe, Albert Shaw, Bliss Perry, Moses Coit Tyler, 
Henry W^atterson. 

W. H. P. Faunce, James B. Angell, John Henry Barrows, Merrill 
E. Gates, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Andrew V. V. Raymond, E. Win- 
chester Donald, Francis W. Peabody, G. Stanley Hall, Susan B. 
Anthony, Amory H. Bradford. 

Russell H. Conwell, Booker T. Washington, Ballington Booth, Maude 
Ballington Booth, Jacob A. Riis, Frank W. Gunsaulus, Francis W^ilson. 

H. H. Boyeson, George W. Cable, Lew Wallace, Kate Douglas 
Wiggin, James Whitcomb Riley, Albion W. Tourgee, Thomas Nelson 
Page, Robert J. Burdette, John Kendrick Bangs. 

The Chautauqua platform has been the scene of many a bit of ready 
wit. One of the most famous occurred when Bishop Vincent introduced 
Dr. P. S. Henson of Chicago. 

Bishop Vincent said: ''I now take great pleasure in announcing the 
lecture on 'Fools' by one — (great laughter) of the wisest of men." 

Dr. Henson arose, bowed, and began: ''I would have you under- 
stand, ladies and gentlemen, that I am not as much of a fool as Bishop 
Vincent — (greater laughter) would have you believe." 

A reading and recreation room is main- 
tained in the rear of the amphitheater by 
the Young People's Union, an organization 
growing out of the combination of Epworth 
League and Christian Endeavor Societies. 
This organization directs numerous religious 
activities of the young people, and correlates 
social events in the life at Chautauqua for 
them. 

Platform exercises at Chautauqua afford 
attractive variety, but only superficial observ- 
ers think of hodgepodge. The basis of a 
Chautauqua Program is distinctly educa- 
LooKiNG AT THE DAILY Pro- ^^^^^^ ^^^h due proportious of series of lec- 
GRAM Bulletin tures on the University Extension model, 

60 




7})rough Ct)autauqua 




-■^ 



Chautauqua Choir, Orchestra, and Organ 



single lectures on important topics of current interest, concerts, and 
lighter entertainments. Latterly the educational basis has been empha- 
sized by the grouping of exercises by weeks devoted to special topics, 
such as Civics, Missions, Religious Education, Mob Spirit, etc. Pro- 
vision is made for diversity of tastes and interests in such abundance 
that no one could hear or see everything if he tried; a person will get the 
most out of Chautauqua by recognizing at once the elective system 
established. 



Music assumes an important position at Chautauqua and the Amphi- 
theater is musical headquarters. We may have heard echoes from some 
of the music rooms of the vocal department at the Fier, we had a 
glimpse of Pianoville earlier in our Journey, at certain hours we may 
find the mandolin club grouped in the rear of the Amphitheater or the 
male glee club practicing in the office of the Director of Music adjoining 
the organ loft; band and orchestra may be found practicing in Alumni 
Hall; vocal and instrumental recitals may be heard in Higgins Hall; but 
the Amphitheater loft back of the platform accommodates the Chau- 
tauqua choir in rehearsal and concert, and thus constitutes the musical 

6i 



ji Reading Journey 

center for the public and for all students of the well-organized summer 
school of music as well. 

The Chautauqua Choir is a voluntary body, varying in size and 
personnel according to the number of singers ready to enjoy its privileges 
in exchange for the training by lectures and drill. In the height of the 
season the total enrollment has reached seven hundred and fifty mem- 




The Chautauqua Band 



bers; choir buttons are a badge of distinction; receptions and excursions 
increase social enjoyment of the members. 

A Vocal Guild to include all vocal students at Chautauqua serves to 
enlist musicians for mutual advantage. A junior choir of two to three 
hundred children is as successful in its field as the senior organization. 

The band and orchestra are recruited from various places for each 
season. 

The pipe organ was erected in 1882. (It is inclosed and kept at 
equable temperature during the winter.) 

Under the conditions music at Chautauqua is of a high standard, 
which is constantly advancing. A six weeks' season's program now will 
present one or two of the great oratorios, concert renditions of several 
light operas, a children's operetta, song cycles, an average of two popu- 
lar concerts a week, piano, violin, and organ recitals, sacred song 
services each Sunday evening, and congregational singing that is most 
inspiring. 

From the very beginning music at Chautauqua was featured and 
developed by William F. Sherwin, C. C. Case, H. R. Palmer, and 

62 



7})rough Ctautauqua 

others. Words and music written especially for Chautauqua, like ''Day 
is Dying in the West," ''Break Thou the Bread of Life," have made 
their way into the standard hymnals. "The Chautauqua Liturgy," 
compiled especially for Chautauqua services, is an evidence of musical 
development. 

Altogether Chautauqua affords in addition to individual instruction 
the rarer opportunity of obtaining a varied general education in music 
from its musical atmosphere, the lack of which is felt in so many com- 
munities. 




Mandolin and Guitar Club 



In the vicinity of the Amphitheater different religious denominations 
began to estabhsh headquarters as early as 1880, and the number of 
these Denominational Houses reveals the interdenominational character 
of Chautauqua, which has always been noteworthy. Grouping by 
denominations for registration, social acquaintance, conferences, recep- 
tions, or devotional services, has manifest advantages where persons 
come from all parts of the country for a comparatively short time, and 
it serves an admirable purpose in proving the possibilities of harmonious 
co-operation in a common religious life during the assembly. 

The Congregational House at the corner of the Amphitheater next to 
the Administration Building was the first denominational building (1880). 

The Methodist Episcopal House, on Pratt Avenue, facing the Amphi- 
theater, was the second. An addition built by Chautauqua residents in 
1904 to accommodate their local church which has a resident pastor all 
the year round, makes this the largest denominational building on the 
grounds. 

63 



A Reading Journey 




7])rough Ctautauqua 





65 



^ Readingjourney 



Presbyterians contributed the first brick structure to Chautauqua's 
pubHc buildings, the house on the south side of the Amphitheater (1890). 
The late Colonel Eliot F. Shepard gave liberally to this project. A 
Presbyterian missionary cottage is also maintained in connection with 
headquarters, thus providing each season for the visit of a number of 
missionaries who get a great deal from Chautauqua life and in turn con- 
tribute to its cosmopolitanism. 

The United Presbyterian House was located on Vincent Avenue in 
1 89 1, the year after the Presbyterian House was built. 

The Protestant Episcopalians built the pretty Chapel of Good Shep- 
herd in 1894, on Clark Avenue, beyond the Hall in the Grove. Semi- 
weekly church services are conducted there between seasons. 

The commodious Baptist House on Clark and James Avenue was 
erected in 1895. 

Disciples of Christ have maintained the large House at Clark and 
Janes, since 1 902. The pillared portico will identify it. 

The Unitarian House established the same year stands at the corner 
of Clark Avenue next to the Hall of Philosophy. 

Lutherans secured a denominational House on Foster Avenue in 1 904. 
These denominational contributions to semi-public buildings at 

Chautauqua represent 
an important kind of 
endowment for sum- 
mer work. In money 
value they approxi- 
mate forty thousand 
dollars. The Houses 
are managed by de- 
nominational com- 
mittees of trustees, 
and funds to maintain 
activities during the 
season come from vol- 
untary subscriptions. 

Our '^backbone" 

^ ^, journey beyond the 

1^^ Amphitheater pro- 

#v^«._j ceeds along Clark 

Avenue, Pratt having 

66 




Unitarian House 



Tf)rough Cl)autauqua 




o 

si 

O ^ 



<1 hn 



j4 Readingjourney 

merged and lost its identity near the Amphitheater. We pass the 
Disciples' House on the right, first the Baptist House on the left and 
then the Unitarian House, as we reach the group of public buildings 
which represent the third great branch of Chautauqua work: the Home 
Reading Department. 

The forest reservation here is called St. Paul's Grove, and it is the 
site of the historic Hall of Philosophy or *'Hall in the Grove," the 
shrine of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. The original Hall 
is in process of reconstruction as a permanent memorial building to the 
Founders of Chautauqua. The architectural lines of the old structure 
suggesting classic models have become a kind of Chautauqua trade-mark. 
This open pillared form, peculiarly suited to forest surroundings, has 
been more or less closely followed in similar structures erected at a 
number of other Chautauqua Assemblies, and it is being practically 
reproduced in the armored concrete "^ construction of the new Hall. 

The old building was put up in 1879, the year after the C. L. S. C. 
was organized, and it lasted until the celebration of the twenty-fifth anni- 
versary of the establishment of the reading circle. The new hall is being 
built by popular subscription, graduates and undergraduates contributing 
individually and by classes. The Pioneer class of 1882 gave the pulpit; 
mosaic tablets in the floor will represent gifts of classes from the begin- 




Steps of New Hall of Philosophy 

" This combination of materials is comparatively new for monumental building 
purposes. Concrete blocks harden over a mesh of metal strips to make as durable 
material as stone, while its appearance is warmer than marble. 

68 



Through Chautauqua 



r 


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Floor and Pulpit of New Hall of Philosophy 

ning; individuals and classes have provided for columns and other units 
of the memorial structure. The cost of the new Hall with balustrade 
and approach will be approximately twenty thousand dollars. 

It is in this building that graduates of the C. L. S. C. receive 
recognition* upon the completion of their course of reading, ''diplomas" 

* List of Recognition Day speakers at Chautauqua: 1882, Bishop Henry W. Warren, 
counselor of the C. L. S. C; 1883, Lyman Abbott, editor of The Outlook, counselor of 
the C. L. S. C; 1884, William C. Wilkinson, professor at the University of Chicago, 
counselor of the C. L. S. C; 1885, Edward Everett Hale, counselor of the C. L. S. C.; 

1886, James H. Carlisle, president of Wofford College, counselor of the C. L. S. C; 

1887, Joseph T. Duryea, D.D.; 1888, Bishop Henry W. Warren; 1889, David Swing, 
D.D.; 1890, Alice Freeman Palmer, president of Wellesley College; 1891, Mary A. 
Livermore, lecturer and author; 1892, Frank W. Gunsaulus, pastor People's Church, 
Chicago; 1893, Joseph Cook; 1894, Edward Everett Hale; 1895, Hamilton W. Mabie, 
editor of The Outlook; 1896, Charles W. Eliot, president of Harvard University; 1897, 
J. F. Goucher, president of Baltimore Woman's College; 1898, Bishop John H. Vincent, 
chancellor of Chautauqua Institution; 1899, George W. Atkinson, governor of West 
Virginia; 1900, A. V. V. Raymond, president of Union College; 1901, E. Benjamin 
Andrews, president of the University of Nebraska; 1902, Edward Howard Griggs, Uni- 
versity Extension lecturer and author; 1903, William T. Harris, United States Commis- 
sioner of Education; 1904, Edward Howard Griggs; 1905, Jane Addams, Hull House, 
Chicago = 

69 



^ Reading^ourney 




THE GOLDEN GATE 



70 



Tl)rough Cl)autauqua 

are presented, class vigils are held, "Round Tables" and vesper services 
are conducted, together with other exercises especially pertaining to the 
work of the C. L. S. C. 

The hall is also used for lectures and readings adapted to smaller 
audiences than those accommodated by the Amphitheater. 

The lake approach to the Hall along Merrill Avenue is impressive. 
On "Commencement" or Recognition Day graduates are admitted to 
the grove through the Golden Gate, opened for them only on that day; 
they pass through arches representing History, Literature, Science, and 
Faith, their pathway strewn with flowers by a bevy of little flower girls 
and boys in honor of the occasion. The processional ceremonies of 
Recognition Day are elaborate and comparable in a measure to similar 
ceremonials at colleges and universities. In the grove various classes 
of the C. L. S. C. have planted class trees as a nursery to provide for 
reforestation. 

The Hall of Philosophy has significant associations as alma mater to 
more than forty-five thousand graduates of the C. L. S. C., and as 
many as seven hundred and fifty thousand persons who have read some 
part of Chautauqua courses. 




Flower Girls on Recognition Day 
71 



yi Readingjourney 

The Chancellor of Chautauqua has often said that you will find the 
heart of Chautauqua in the C. L.S. C. C.L.S.C. is short for Chau- 
tauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, organized at Chautauqua in 
1878, by John H. Vincent, at a meeting held in a pavilion occupying the 
site of the present Amphitheater. The purpose of this branch of Chautau- 
qua work is to give adults a plan of reading so systematized that — at home 
and in the English language — they may gain a view of history, science, 
letters, and art, comparable in kind to that ''college outlook" which 
even collegians consider it necessary to frequently review if they get 
much use of it. The appeal of this plan is to persons of all classes who 
desire to get some definite results from the time they can give to read- 
ing, as distinguished from the mass of unrelated impressions which come 
from haphazard miscellaneous reading. The subjects of the C. L. S. C. 
reading are grouped each year — American, English, Modern European, 
and Classical years succeeding each other to complete a four years' cycle 
of the course. Material is prepared especially for this course in the form 




C. L. S. C. Graduates in Procession on Recognition Day 

72 



Tlirough Chautauqua 












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5 ' - _ - 



A C. L. S. C. Diploma 
With seals for " Post-graduate " reading 

of four books (of about three hundred pages) each year, and the equiva- 
lent of three more books in the form of popular articles in The Chau- 
tauquan magazine. The use of the magazine permits timely grouping 
of topics of current interest related to the chief subjects of the course, 
and it contains outlines and programs for accomplishing the reading to 
the best advantage, as well as news from readers and circles, fostering 
the C. L. S. C. spirit. Each year's reading is complete in itself, and 
the subjects recurring every fourth year are presented intensively from 
a fresh point of view, so that the course is never stale. A certificate 
may be obtained at the end of each year's reading. Reading any four 
years of the C. L. S. C. cycle finishes the regular course, and report of 
that work is recognized by a C. L. S. C. "diploma" recording the fact. 
No examinations are required, but seals on the diploma are awarded for 
filling out memoranda review questions. One may go on adding seals 
to the diploma as long as he lives by reporting additional reading of 
special courses. 

For the reading of the regular four years' course not as much time 

73 



A Readingjourney 




is required as that ordinarily consumed by the reading of a daily and 
Sunday paper during the winter months; twenty minutes a day from 
October to June is a very liberal allowance to make for the C. L. S. C. 
reading, and yet the prevailing American habit is such that it is rightly 
considered an achievement worth while to master the 
equivalent of seven authoritative books between summer 
seasons. 

Testimony to the value of the Chautauqua home read- 
ing plan has accumulated from decade to decade; it comes 
from people in every walk of life. Roughly speaking an 
Gold^Badge enrollment of 25,000 readers includes 17,750 women 
and 7,250 men; 3,460 between the ages of ten and 
twenty years, 11,040 between twenty and thirty, 4,680 between thirty 
and forty, 2,209 between forty and fifty, 998 between fifty and eighty. 
Housekeepers (11,500) overwhelmingly predominate among the women; 
among the men professional men and salaried employees are represented 
in almost equal numbers. . Since figures show that in this country an 
average of only one in seventy grammar grade pupils will get either 
college, professional school, or even normal school training, the peren- 
nial need of this great School for Out-of-School People is apparent. 

The same interesting evolution already noted in the Assembly and 
Summer School Departments of the Chautauqua System is also to be 
discerned in the Home Reading work. The early encyclopedic plan 
for the regular course has been improved by grouping and unifying 
topics for intensive study. 

The C. L. S. C. never claimed to be a substitute for college training, 
but it does give a working knowledge of certain fundamental things, it cul- 
tivates right habits of thinking, it increases powers of discrimination and 
judgment, it sets up standards of interpretation for the times in which 
we live, it puts us in the way of gaining the educated person's outlook. 

Besides the regular course. The Chautauquan by itself constitutes 
a briefer ''Spare Minute Course," and one may also select from more 
than seventy Chautauqua special courses of recommended reading as his 
individual taste dictates. While the proportion of those who take up the 
C. L. S. C. individually is very large, the formation of local circles 
where more than three readers can come together has been an exceed- 
ingly popular feature of the C. L. S. C. movement. Meetings of these 
circles serve to arouse and keep up interest. Some Chautauqua circles 
have celebrated their twenty-fifth anniversary, and Wichita, Kansas, 
with fifteen Chautauqua circles, affords an example of local federation. 

74 



Thirough Cf)autauqua 

From the point of view of Chautauqua Institution the C. L. S. C. 
represents a permanent constituency, it carries Chautauqua to the homes 
of the people to do its work of education all the year round; to him who 
has eyes to see, the C. L. S. C. gives the opportunity to transmute sug- 
gestion, stimulus, and enthusiasm of the Summer Assembly into indi- 
vidual accomplishment at home. 

Opposite the Hall of Philosophy stands the C. L. S. C. Alumni 
Hall, erected by graduates of the C. L. S. C. for class headquarters at 
Chautauqua. Upon enrollment as a member of the C. L. S. C. one 
becomes a member of the Class which will finish the course four years 
hence. Those, for example, who took up the work when it was first 
organized, in 1878, became members of the Class of 1882, those who 
begin to read in 1 905 constitute the Class of 1909, and so forth. As 
each Class is graduated it is welcomed to a room in Alumni Hall by 
older classes which share these headquarters. Class meetings, recep- 
tions, and anniversaries attract members by common interest in the C. L. 
S. C, such commingling having more than ordinary value. 

Alumni Hall is in charge of trustees elected by all the classes, and 
represents another instance of Chautauqua building endowment. Prior 
to the construction of this union Class building some of the earliest 




'*Pa\iliox" in which the C. L. S. C. was Organized, 1878 
It occupied the site of the rim of the present amphitheater 

75 



A Readingjourney 

C. L. S. C. Classes established separate buildings of their own. These 
may be seen on the right of St. Paul's Grove as we face Alumni Hall, 
the ''Pioneer" Class building (1882) and the buildings of the Classes of 
1884 and 1885. The fountain between the Hall of Philosophy and 
Alumni Hall is a Class fountain, the gift of the Class of '82, commemo- 
rating its tenth anniversary. The Class of '84 gave an electric light to 
St. Paul's Grove; '83 and '85 gave rustic seats and an urn for flowers. 
A flower mound at the corner of the Amphitheater was placed there by 
the Class of '87. On C. L. S. C. Reception Night each season, repre- 
sentatives of all the Classes keep open house, entertaining Classmates 
and friends, singing Class songs, and even giving Class yells, grand- 
fathers and grandmothers notwithstanding. 

Of course only comparatively few of the graduates of the C. L. S. C. 
Classes ever get to Chautauqua; the vast majority receive their diplomas 
at home, others receive them with due recognition ceremonies at other 
Chautauqua Assemblies nearer home. Nevertheless, several hundred 
persons have been graduated at Chautauqua, New York, in a single sea- 
son, and there are invariably some representatives of each class present. 
The C. L. S. C. has been so long established that decennial and vicen- 
nial celebrations also contribute to Class interests. 

And there is ever a new Class enrolling. Class officers are elected; 
the choice of a Class name, Class motto. Class flower, or emblem usu- 
ally arouses no little interest; provision for a Class Banner has become 
tradition's law, and gifts to Class headquarters enrich associations that 
center here. 

The long roll of Classes exhibits a curious array of Class Names: 
The Pioneers, Quarter-Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Cen- 
tury, Lewis Miller, The Vincents, Cosmopolitans, Altrurians, Patriots, 
Romans, Olympians, Athenians, Philomatheans, Pierians, Argonauts, 
Columbians, Invincibles, etc. Latterly the favorite names have been 
those of famous individuals, as Washington, Tennyson, Ruskin. Among 
the Class mottoes are: ''The humblest life that lives maybe divine," 
"Truth is eternal," "The truth shall make you free," "Let us be 
seen by our deeds," "Neglect not the gift that is in thee," "We 
study for light to bless with light,"' "Press forward, he conquers 
who wills. ' ' 

In the list of class officers you may discover the names of college 
presidents, professors, teachers, professional and business men, actors, 
and musicians, in fact all sorts and conditions of human kind. 

Persons who read more than the regular C. L. S. C. course and 

76 



Thirough C/)autaugua 




C. L. S. C. Alumxi Hall axd Class Cottages 

receive recognition in the form of seals on their diploma are admitted to 
the ''graduate orders" of the C. L. S. C. Having secured four seals 
the reader is eligible to ''The Order of the White Seal," seven seals 
admit to the "League of the Round Table," fourteen or more seals to 
the "Guild of the Seven Seals." There are at this writing 12,362 
qualified members of the Order of the White Seal, 2,905 members of 
the League of the Round Table, and 'J22 members of the Guild of the 
Seven Seals. This record is certainly unique in "post-graduate" annals, 
and strikingly comports with a favorite Chautauqua sentiment — "Edu- 
cation ends only with life." 



Rounding out the group of public buildings in St. Paul's Grove is 
Aula Christi, architecturally the most spectacular building at Chautau- 
qua, and appropriately typifying the distinctive religious accent of Chau- 
tauqua. Chautauqua is religious in a living rather than a formal sense: 
while educational in purpose its religious and spiritual mission is never 
overlooked. Chautauqua Institution is undenominational, but not irreli- 
gious. Denominational activities at Chautauqua we have already noted. 

77 



^ Reading Journey 




> ^M0, 



78 



7T)rough Chautauqua 

The influence of Chautauqua assembhes year after year in proving the 
practicability of co-operation has had not a little to do with promoting 
present-day interdenominational comity. ''We study the Word and the 
Works of God" was the first motto selected for the C. L. S. C. At 
Chautauqua the observance of the Sabbath, not only by exclusion of 
excursionists, but by the denominational morning hour, common public 
worship, Sunday School, Christian Ethics meeting, C. L. S. C. Vesper 
Service, open-air meetings for men on the base-ball field and for women 
on the college campus, and by the evening sacred song service, has 
become a distinguishing mark of character. Not less striking is the 
absence of cant and the presence of an atmosphere that makes for daily 
righteousness in living to some purpose. 

Fitly the crowning expression of the Chautauqua religious spirit is 
Aula Christi. The idea was originally set forth by Bishop Vincent as 
follows: 

"Chautauqua, in its attempt to break loose from conventional ways, must 
cling, as in the beginning, and as I think through all her history, to these two 
essential elements: the promotion of spiritual life, and the highest culture of 
spiritual-minded people for most effective service in society. It is in the 
recognition of this large and noble thought that I have proposed the erection 
of a new building at Chautauqua, to be called 'The Hall of the Christ, ' a building 
of appropriate architecture, devoted exclusively to the study of the Man of 
Nazareth, in which every day, at all hours, there shall be under most skilful 
direction, courses of study in the life, words, deeds, spirit, and results of His 
life who 'spake as never man spake,' and who 'went about doing good,' whose 
'name is above every name that is named.' In this hall it is proposed to 
collect all engravings of Christ which the art of the ages puts within our reach, 
a library of all the lives of Christ which have ever been written. It shall be 
a memorial hall with historic windows following the general design of the artist, 
so that they shall present in chronological order the events of that holiest of 
all lives, and, at the same time, each window may become a memorial window 
for families choosing to place at Chautauqua lasting souvenirs of departed 
friends. In this hall there should be devotional services of that high quality 
in which true art and the noblest thought are consecrated to the most spiritual 
devotion. Thus shall this central building of Chautauqua symbolize to the 
world the controlling aim and force of all her diverse ministries." 

Fortunately an architect was found to whom the idea of such a struc- 
ture appealed most strongly, and the plans have been mutually developed 
witli the enthusiasm of inspiration. Mr. Paul J. Pelz of Washington, 
D. C, famous for work on the Congressional Library at Washington, 

79 



A Readingjourney 

the Carnegie Library at Allegheny, and other public structures, is the 
architect of Aula Christi. To quote Mr. Pelz: 

**The idea of the Aula Christi of the spiritual liberty, fraternity, and 
equality of men, as expounded in the Gospels and the Revelation by Jesus 
Christ, is the underlying moti] for a like emancipation of mankind in the material 
world (on earth as it is in heaven), is the exponent of the best human endeavor, 
and is so potent as to electrify every one who will give it a willing entrance 
into his heart. Here classes will be formed, lectures given, and if desired, 
illustrated descriptions of the Holy Land and scenes identified with the life 
and teachings of Christ. Chautauqua is a place where all denominations meet 
on an equal footing. It is the neutral territory for all creeds, and hence is 
pre-eminently the place for such a building. Ritualism is to have no place 
here, but all are to meet in the hfe of Christ; hence, it is to be a common 
ground for spiritual exercise as a gymnasium is devoted to muscular training. 
So far as I know, there is no hall such as this to be found in the world. It is 
unique. It is the manifest expression of the Chautauqua spirit. Cities have 
their theaters and music halls where the people can all come together, people 
of whatever faith and class, but they have no place where all people of differ- 
ent faiths meet together for religious thought. It was Bishop Vincent's idea 
that this might be the first Hall of the Christ. I do not see why in a few 
years every city should not have one." 

Aula Christi is constructed of v^hite brick, terra-cotta, and stone. 
The building follov^s classic lines, the Roman-Greek, because Christ 
made His appearance when the Roman application of the Greek lines 
was the dominant style prevailing in the architecture of the civilized 
world. The exterior terra-cotta decorations portray allegorical subjects 
in flowers and leaves. 

The building is reached by steps leading to a pillared portico from 
which entrance is gained to the Hall, coat-rooms and entrance way being 
surmounted by a gallery overlooking the interior of the Hall. From 
either side of the building, just beyond the entrance, extends a wing, 
the one to the east to be devoted to literary works on the life of Christ. 
From the entrance the Hall extends unobstructed for seventy feet to the 
apse, under which is a raised platform leading back through an arch to 
the place for a statue of Christ (replica of the Thorwaldsen statue of 
Christ in the Copenhagen Frauenkirche is proposed). 

Further plans for the interior contemplate a series of mural paintings 
of Christ's parables and three ceiling panels portraying the Garden of 
Eden, the Sermon on the Mount, and the Second Coming of Christ. 

Aula Christi is being constructed entirely by gifts from interested 
individuals. 

80 



Through Chautauqua 




^ Readingjourney 

Beyond Aula Christi the roadway is flanked on both sides by mag- 
nificent forest growth and from a bridge across a deep ravine a rare 
picture of natural beauty is presented. Here the trees are majestic, 
and noting the care which has preserved them we recall the regard for 
trees which has been shown in all parts of the Chautauqua grounds. 
The variety of indigenous Trees at Chautauqua is surprising. Nature 
study classes have been especially interested in them. Many of the 
trees have been labeled, and this process gives concrete purpose to field 
study. Julia Ellen Rogers placed the number of native trees on the 
grounds at about one hundred. She added: ''I know of no small area 
of natural woods with so great variety and showing such fine specimens 
as well as typical forest conditions. ' ' 

Some years ago Dr. James T. Edwards took a tree census at Chau- 
tauqua, counting ten thousand two hundred and sixty-four trees. He 
found fifty-four distinct species; more than one-half of the entire number 
in New York state. The maples were most numerous, beeches came 
next, then ironwood, willow, chestnut, etc. , each of twenty species num- 
bering more than one hundred individuals. In Dr. Edwards's booklet — 
''the Silva of Chautauqua Lake" now out of print, it was stated that 
the largest tree was an oak in the forest primeval (where we are stand- 
ing in our Journey), twenty-three feet in girth, one hundred and ten feet 
high. This magnificent specimen died a few years ago. There are left 
among the oaks one which has a girth of eighteen feet, one fifteen feet, 
one twelve feet, two eleven feet, and one ten feet, There is a large 
whitewood near the grandstand on the athletic field which measures 
fourteen feet. 

The largest stump is that of a chestnut (the one we noted in Miller 
Park at the site of the Old Auditorium), measuring before it crumbled 
twenty-seven feet in circumference. 

The tallest tree Dr. Edwards found was a shellbark hickory, in St. 
Paul's Grove, east of the Hall of Philosophy, eight feet three inches in 
circumference, one hundred and thirty-two feet high. This tree died 
the year before the foundation of the new Hall of Philosophy was laid. 

''A cucumber tree near Normal Hall measures thirteen feet by one 
hundred and thirteen. Two beautiful lindens, on the left as you 
approach the college, stand like loving brothers; they are, respectively, 
nine and twelve feet in girth and eighty feet high. A hickory in Miller 
Park is one hundred and ten feet high and first branches at a distance 
of seventy feet from the ground. ' ' 

Several of the trees now standing at Chautauqua were doubtless 

82 



TT^rough Ctautauqua 




On the Athletic Field 

there when the Pilgrims landed, and may have been growing before the 
discovery of America. Reckoning, on the best authority, that oaks 
increase in diameter three inches in twenty-four years, what shall we say 
is the age of an oak at Chautauqua which measures eighteen feet in 
circumference? Approximately six hundred years. 

Apropos of the trees at Chautauqua a keen observer has said, ''the 
scene sets one to wondering why towns and cities are always built on 
cleared land when, as one learns here, it is so much pleasanter to live in 
a town located in a grove." 



As we emerge from the forest we are surprised by another beautiful 
lake view from the "Overlook," the southernmost section of the 
grounds. From our ''backbone" ridge the vision is unobstructed lake- 
ward and we instinctively compare the vista with that from the College 
on the other side of "the point," only to conclude that comparisons are 
impossible between the marvelous beauties of nature. 

This is the newest and least developed portion of the grounds, so 
far as houses are concerned. The Athletic field is below us; a cottage 
generously maintained by Southern women as a dormitory for Southern 

83 



A Readingjourney 



teachers and social workers is to be seen; a number of lots have been 
reserved for a club-house for the Buffalo Teachers' Federation; several 
lots have been leased for future cottages. 

The ''backbone" of our journey ends with The Fence which marks 
the limit of the grounds in this direction. The fence is continuous to 
the right of us along the rear of the plot. We saw the same line of 
fence at the other end of the grounds. There are almost two miles 
of fence inclosing the grounds on the land side; and the shore line of 
the lake, about a mile in length, completes the inclosed circuit of the 
grounds. A driveway may be followed for the entire circuit. Chau- 
tauqua controls five hundred feet into the lake from the shore line; the 
fence is still essential to control on the land side. For ''the town behind 
the fence" is unique in its educational and social purposes: furnishing 
and granting unusual privileges, it must have adequate power to protect 
them. Extend the conception of a college campus in order to apply it 
to a whole town of more than ten thousand resident and changing popu- 
lation, and the necessity for a fence to accustom us to the unusual 
conditions will appear. Certain regulations, such as gates closed against 
Sunday excursionists, quiet after chimes at night, are to be judged from 
this point of view. 

Down by the lake in the farthest corner of the grounds below the 
Overlook we come upon the Sewage disposal works, effective and mod- 
ern in the treatment of the town sewage. Four and a half miles of main 
sewers carry all sewage to this establishment. Sewage is thoroughly 
mixed with chemicals and run through a series of brick and cement vats 
sunk in the ground where precipitation of solids occurs. Thereafter 
the water, thoroughly purified, is discharged into the lake, while the 
"sludge" is pressed by machinery into cakes to be used as a fertilizer. 




Chautauqua Lights at Night, across the Lake 

84 



Through Qpautauqua 



Garbage is taken care of by contract; daily collections are made during 
the season from receptacles which each cottage is required to provide. 

There are eleven and one-half 
miles of streets at Chautauqua to 
be kept up and to be kept clean. 
Two dozen wire waste-paper 
baskets placed along the walks 
bear the suggestive legend to all 
inhabitants, ''Help Keep the 
Grounds Clean." Eight thou- 
sand six hundred and thirty feet 
of brick guttering and nine thou- 
sand eighty feet of cement side- 
walk have to be looked after. The 
streets and grounds are kept in 
order by a force of men and teamis. 



*— '■■■J* ii? •*';!''' ;.-^T,.- V- 




:>:-*? '.,^ 


f 


'^^m^mr-^ 



Tennis-Court 



Natural conditions make Chautauqua an exceedingly healthful place, 
— the high altitude, pure air, sandy soil, and natural drainage which dries 
off the surface quickly after rain, the absence of flies and mosquitoes. 
And so much of the life is necessarily out of doors that it conduces good 
health. Nevertheless congestion in housing, shift- 
ing population coming from all quarters into new 
conditions, and other factors, make the health 
problem of prime importance. Remarkable suc- 
cess has been achieved by the Chautauqua health 
authorities, for the records show no more health- 
ful locality in the United States. 

The town constitutes a separate district under 
the state board of health. The Chautauqua 
Board of Health, trustees of the Institution 
resident in New York state, together with an 
expert health officer (a sanitary engineer) and a 
registrar of vital statistics, have ample authority 
to enforce all necessary health regulations. House- 
to-house inspection, analysis of drinking-water, 
^^^^■Pl^ ^a inspection of milk, meat, and all food supplies, 
%lB^^ ^ flushing of sewers, reports of all cases of infectious 

or contagious disease, and like services are per- 
formed in accordance with the code of regulations. 

85 




Waste-Basket 
"Keep the Grounds Clean" 



^ Reading Journey 




Exhibition of Physical Training 



Along the shore Hne tennis-courts, running track, and base-ball field 
show that we are on the border of the section of the grounds devoted 
particularly to Physical Training. The group of five public buildings in 
this quarter is in a very real sense a physical education group, since all 
of them provide for the organization and expert supervision of indoor 
and outdoor physical culture at Chautauqua. In the order of our 
approach the Athletic Club comes first, then the Boys' Club, the 
Gymnasium, the Swedish Gymnasium, and Bathing House, and to the 
rear of the last named, the Girl's Club. 

Nowhere is the comprehensiveness of Chautauqua's educational 
scheme more evident than in its provisions for physical training and 
recreation. Experts have charge of the boating, bathing, tennis-courts, 

86 



7})rough C/)autauqua 




f 



> n'^m g- W'4KWi^ff \ 




Classes on Athletic Field 

and roque grounds; even the smallest children find plenty of delightful 
sand piles for their play. 

Behind the tournament, field day, base-ball games, aquatic day, 
amphitheater exhibition, and like events of popular interest, is a large 
faculty of expert teachers, selected from physical training departments 
of the highest standard, in charge of individuals and classes of boys 
and girls, young people and adults of both sexes. 

The increasing number of college athletes drawn together by the 
advantages of Chautauqua in summer contributes materially to an inter- 
collegiate esprit de corps which is an attractive element of Chautauqua life. 

In 1905 the new Athletic Club was erected in order to arrange for 
the most effective grouping of all athletic interests, contests, games, 

87 



A Reading Journey 




Boys' Club 

Sports, et cetera. Its object is succinctly stated: "The promotion of 
amateur sports. ' ' Bowling alleys have been put into this fine building, 
and common headquarters for boat crews, base-ball club, golfers, and 
similar organizations, a social center, and co-ordinating machinery for the 
management of outdoor entertainments, illuminations, and the like are 
thus provided. 



Between two hundred and three hundred boys at a time, below the 
age of sixteen, make the Boys' Club House one of the liveliest beehives 
on the grounds. What to do with and for the boy during a summer 
season has here been solved with extraordinary success. Put your boy 
in the Club early in the morning, and he'll come back to you at night 
(except nights in camp Whiteside across the lake where he is privileged 
to take his turn under the head camper) happy, even if properly tired — 
it has happened more than once that the boy has been rrtade over at a 
critical period in his life, by a Boys' Club season. He will be constantly 
under the direction of from ten to twelve inspiring teachers of long 
experience, who put him on schedule of manual training, swimming, 
physical exercises, the games that suit him, launch crew, base-ball team, 

88 



Tlirough Cbautauqua 




A Boys' Club Group 



exploring field expedition, reading hour, and what not, during the week. 
By order of merit he may become a member of the Park Guard, respon- 
sible for certain features of good order upon the grounds and entitled to 
a place in public processions. To appreciate the richness of such a 

combination of work and play 
the boy himself must tell you 
about it, and he will most 
likely resort to the club yell 
as a climax to his story. 

Gymnasium-room with 
apparatus, reading-room, 
manual training- room, dress- 
ing-rooms, and small class- 
rooms make up the equipment 
of the Boys' Club House. 
The boys built their own pier 
for boat-landing, and they 
conduct a weather observa- 
tion bureau whose reports 




At Camp Whiteside 



89 



A Reading Journey 




The Gymnasium 



appear daily in the Assembly Herald. The Club House was built in 
1889 by parents and interested friends. 

On Sunday afternoons boys and girls meet together in the Boys' 
Club for Christian Ethics meeting, which is a characteristic gathering, 



^ 




;. -^ 



Afternoon 



90 



Through Ctautauqua 




Classes at Swedish Gymnasium 

the direct lineal descendant of the Children's classes held for years in 
the Children's Temple when that building was in its prime. 

The Chautauqua School of Physical Education, established in 
1886, is one of the largest Chautauqua Summer Schools; its faculty num- 
bers twenty-six persons, coming from twelve or fifteen educational insti- 
tutions of the first class. The school is equipped for thorough normal 
course work for teachers and physical directors, courses in athletics. 





Bathers 



91 



A Readingjourney 



corrective gymnastics, physiology, 
and hygiene, general gymnastics, 
Americanized Delsarte Culture, 
personal contests, gymnasium 
direction, and aquatics. Think 
of instruction in anatomy, physiol- 
ogy, kinesiology, pedagogy, ath- 
letics, anthropometry, physical 
diagnosis, applied anatomy, or- 
thopedics, light, military, and 
artistic gymnastics, Swedish gymnastics, emergencies, etc. ! Technically 




some of this is for the 
but the list indicates 
ing development of 
struction in our day. 
grades of certificates 

The visitor may 
the gymnastic exercis- 
gymnasium; in Del- 
folk dances, and Gil- 
for women; or in the 
Swedish and medical 
come physical defects, 
Swedish gymnasium, 
medical examiners for 
children is necessary 
of exercises can be tak- 

At the public bath- 
and every precaution 



*j#-^^./^^ 




Circus Views 



Specialist of course, 
to the layman a strik- 
scientific physical in- 
The school grants 
for different courses. 
; be most interested in 
es of adults in the 
sarte classes, Swedish 
bert athletic exercises 
corrective work of 
gymnastics to over- 
carried on in the 
The consent of staff 
men, women and 
before different forms 
en up at Chautauqua, 
house, bathing hours 
for the safety of bath- 



ers are prescribed; you may take swimming lessons and diving lessons 

if you wish to learn how to make 

the most of these useful and f ': . 

healthful exercises. \ ^. -' 

Rowing crews are well trained 
each season in regulation racing 
shells, and an annual contest is 
held with the Chadokoin Club of 
Jamestown. Theodore Miller pre- 
sented a trophy for this contest. 
The Chautauqua base-ball nine 

92 




7T)rough Cf)autauqua 




Group at Olympian Games 

contests a series of afternoon games with nines from neighboring towns 
and cities every season. 

An annual benefit entertainment on the athletic field, consisting of 
Olympian games, circus, Chautauqua burlesque, faculty base-ball, 
carnival, or some other form of pure fun, helps to support the athletic 
interests as occasion requires. 

**The girls, too, are fully as interesting [as the young men]. They are 
pretty, but their beauty is that of those who are handsome without being 
professionally so, vivacious without being studiedly so. They present a 
pleasing contrast to their bare-headed, bare-armed, straggling-haired, and 
masculine-gaited sisters of some Eastern resorts. It was the best there is in 
strong athletic manhood and the finest there is in fine American womanhood 
that made up that crowd on that [athletic] field that afternoon." — Stephen 
M. Dale, in Ladies'' Home Journal. 




93 



A Readingjourney 

The Girls' Club is one of the most artistic modern structures on 
the grounds. It was erected by subscription in 1 902. Membership 
is Hmited to girls between the ages of eight and sixteen. The same 
principles are applied here as in the Boys' Club: a schedule of work 
and play under five or six companionable teachers so combined as to 
give instruction with recreation. Classes in German and French; in 
weaving, basketry, clay modeling; in gymnastics, swimming, and boat- 
ing; competitive games, outdoor excursions, and special entertainments 
make up an attractive program for the girls. Broad verandas, spacious 
assembly and adequate class-rooms are provided in this club-house. For 

its purposes the structure is admirable, 
"1 its esthetic appeal in the forest setting 
.J being not the least of its charms. 



The Lake Front from this point to 
the Pier presents a broadening park- 
way to the eye, turfed to the shore line, 
and dotted with tall trees, branching 
so high that they do not obstruct the 
view. On the left, well back from the 
lake, we pass a number of the more 
expensive type of cottages at Chautau- 
qua. At the foot of Merrill Avenue 
we look up the impressive approach 
to the Hall of Philosophy. A little 
further on we note the combined cot- 
tage and tent which is the summer home of Bishop John H. Vincent, 
Chancellor of Chautauqua Institution. This simple type of archi- 
tecture we recall as similar to that of the cottage and tent occupied 
by the late Lewis Miller, co-founder of Chautauqua with Bishop 
Vincent. One is tempted to become reminiscent here. How much 
better did these men build than they knew when they set up the Chau- 
tauqua Idea in the 




woods, back in 1874. 
Some of their dreams 
have come true; oth- 
ers are in process of 
realization in essence 
if not in form. A 
third generation of 



J^SKft««s. 



V- 




94 



Tlirough Chautauqua 




Girls' Club 



Chautauquans is growing up, yet the traditions of simplicity, democratic 
intercourse, and sane living to some purpose happily dominate Chau- 
tauqua life under greatly improved conditions. Chautauqua is more 

than a protest against 
certain enervating ten- 
dencies in American 
life; it yields positive 
inspiration and uplift. 

"A few hours of 
systematic work every 
day serve as a stimulus 
for thought and culture, 
while the mutual in- 
fluence of the men and 
women who are so 
brought together, and 
the whole atmosphere 
of the place generate a 
real moral enthusiasm. ' ' 
— Hugo Miinsterherg. 




Along the Lake Front 



95 



^ Readingjourney 




Vincent Cottage and Tent 



The name Athenaeum would never have been chosen for a hotel at 
an ordinary summer resort; it is, however, not inappropriate at Chau- 
tauqua. The fagade of the Hotel Athen^um is an imposing feature 
of the landscape, back some distance from the lake front, the rear of the 
building only a few steps from the Amphitheater. From the hotel tower 
the most extended view of the lake and surrounding territory is obtain- 
able. Its high pillared porticos and verandas are restful; the interior 
space given up to promenade and parlors is exceptional, and good use is 
made of it in the social life characteristic of Chautauqua. This life is 
based upon community of interest, not so-called social distinctions, and 

96 



Thjrough Cf)autaugua 

is therefore distinctly interesting, not as a display, but as an earnest of 
almost ideal social contact of people who are doing things in the world. 
One who has a penchant for observing the American people will appre- 
ciate the opportunity afforded by the crowd of Chautauquans inside and 
outside the Hotel Athen^um gathered to listen to one of the band con- 
certs at the sunset hour, or at one of the numerous receptions or 
banquets during the season. 

The hotel has accommodations for some three hundred guests. It 
shares with fifty or sixty licensed boarding cottages in different parts of 
the grounds the burden of housing the largest part of the summer popu- 
lation. There are boarding houses capable of caring for two hundred 
guests; rooms alone are rented in many cottages, and privileges of self- 
boarding may be obtained. Prices for accommodations are moderate at 
Chautauqua, as befits the place, and the stories of some of the almost 
incredible sacrifices which earnest people have made in order to enjoy 




Hotel Athex^um 
97 



A Reading Journey 




Men's Club 



the advantages of Chautauqua only emphasize the demands the Institu- 
tion attempts to meet. 

The licensed system of boarding cottages is the most practicable 
substitute for dormitories under existing conditions. It is well to remem- 
ber that the Institution will welcome definite criticisms of service, since 
without favor or discrimination it is desired to maintain the best standard 
of living conditions consistent with moderate cost. Protection against 
solicitors at the gates or on the grounds is provided by regulation, and 
the sanitary inspection has been already referred to. Much has been 
written about the value and charm of cottage life at Chautauqua, by 
means of which persons from all parts of this country and from foreign 
lands have come to know each other better. Reasonable informality 
prevails, and as an antidote for provincialism Chautauqua contact is 
proverbial. 

At present the number of ''cottage holders" at Chautauqua, that 
is, the lessees of lots for buildings, is about six hundred. They come 
from twenty states of the Union, and from Cuba, Porto Rico, and 
Canada. 



Tlirough Chautauqua 

The castle-like structure on the Lake Front is the Men's Club. 
Constructed in 1893 as an electric light and power house, these offices 
were superseded ten years later by the modern brick electric light plant 
in the rear of the grounds, and the water pump, moved a few feet along 
shore, was placed in a fireproof vault below ground. The ''castle" 
was fitly remodeled and equipped as a Club for professional and busi- 
ness men in 1893. It contains reception, reading, and smoking rooms, 
shower baths, barber shop, observation-room, and roof garden, besides 
providing special commercial and secretarial conveniences. 

Other organized groups, such as Masonic Club, Lawyers' Club, Min- 
isters' Club, have latterly combined to make a single headquarters of the 
Men's Club, and it has become a center of increasing interest for the 
large number of men who come to Chautauqua. Opportunities for sane 
recreation, restful change of environment, and interchange of ideas at 
such a clearing-house as Chautauqua, appeal to men. The registration 
of college fraternity men in a sixty day season at the Men's Club has 
numbered approximately two hundred. 

The principle of association by common interests also underlies the 
Chautauqua Woman's Club. This organization has no club-house as 
yet, although a club-house fund is accumulating. Meetings are held 
regularly at a morning hour in the Hall of Philosophy, the program of 
topics for discussion being carefully arranged and representing an exceed- 
ingly attractive variety. Indeed, these meetings constitute a kind of 
continuous Federation in miniature — not so very miniature either, since 
representatives of one hundred and fifty or more clubs have participated 
in the conferences of a season. The Club belongs to the General Feder- 
ation of Women's Clubs, the New York State and Western New York 
Federations, and has entertained many national and state Federation 
officers. In a typical season two hundred and ten members were 
enrolled in the Chautauqua Women's Club, representing twenty-eight 
states and three foreign countries. Its department list included House- 
hold Economics, Education, Social Ethics, Philanthropy, and Reform. 
Besides the conferences and public addresses the Club recommends 
books for reading. This woman's club was organized in 1888. 

Other groupings at times during the season become formal or informal 
by choice. College alumni have dinners and excursions, members of 
college Greek letter fraternities and sororities hold reunions. The 

99 
i.fi'C. 



A Reading Journey 

Wheel Club and the Camera Club are sufficiently described by their 
names. The Chautauqua Circle of the Daughters of the American 
Revolution is a recent organization with a large enrollment. 

The German Club, the French Club, and the Spanish Club are con- 
versational groups, the season for the first two culminating in the presen- 
tation of standard plays in German and French. Foreign language 
tables are a feature of cottage life. 

You will not be surprised any season to find a new crop of club 
names representing some phase of passing current interest. The Octo- 
genarian Club, six to twelve members strong, has, however, become one 
of the Chautauqua fixtures. 

It may be pertinent here to say something further about How to 
Enjoy Chautauqua. Obviously what a person gets out of a season at 
Chautauqua depends upon what he goes there for. He must indeed be 
a queer person who does not find something to his taste; any normal 
appetite for rest, recreation, amusement, association, enlightenment, 
inspiration, education, may be gratified. No matter how large a crowd 
you may see in the Amphitheater, for instance, you can discover another 
half of the population, more or less, indoors or out of doors, occupied 
with phases of a varied summer life which particularly appeal to different 
individuals. In the morning summer school classes most distinctly divide 
the colony; of an afternoon the ball-field is likely to attract a very large 
contingent; the Amphitheater regularly draws together the largest single 
quota in the evening. 

Whatever the special interest which brought the individual to Chau- 
tauqua, he has not only the opportunity of pursuing it to advantage with 
enthusiastic companions, but the opportunity of widening his range of 
vision by contact with neighbors equally interested in other lines. Wisely 
he will decide not to attempt to take in things helter-skelter, but, asso- 
ciating himself with some of the various organized groups, thus utilize 
the means which have proven to be useful to the greatest number in 
getting the most out of Chautauqua life. 

To the public exercises which necessarily afford wide variety of 
appeal to the general public the elective system must be applied. You 
will note the weekly lecture series as units; by choosing your units you 
will get something definite from the program and other features will 
naturally fall into incidental place for you. The variety of ''entertain- 
ments" to choose from is also notable, but not out of proportion to the 
Chautauqua ideals of life. Chautauqua is not dull either from all work 

100 



T])rough Chautauqua 




Copyright by Baker Art Gallery, Columbus, Ohio 

MOONLIGHT ON LAKE CHAUTAUQUA 
lOI 



j1 Readingjourney 



or all play, 
proportions. 



it is interesting by reason of both elements in sane 



* 'Absence of occupation is not rest; 
A mind quite vacant is a mind distressed. 



Besides concerts, concert-operas, recitals, readings, stereopticon 
views, spelling and pronunciation matches, platform humor, and dramatic 

representations, there are such events 
as the feast of lanterns and the 
illuminated fleet to delight the eye, 
while for pure fun the circus, faculty 
base-ball, burlesque, Olympian games, 
and similar spectacles are inimitable. 
The twice a week excursions to Niag- 
ara Falls, daylight and moonlight ex- 
cursions, fishing, bathing, rov^^ing, 
sailing, launch parties, corn roasts, 
picnics, games, outside the regulation 
athletics, invite the Chautauquan to 
wholesome pleasure. More than this, 
compared with other pleasure resorts 
you discern the proverbial advantage 
that at Chautauqua there is something 
to do even when it rains. 

If the schools attract you, your 
chief interest is naturally fixed, and 
helpful group associations are deter- 
mined from the start. To these the 
unique community life, the special 
opportunities for recreation, the fea- 
tures of public exercises related to 
your specialty, and the incidental 
''entertainments" add a wealth of 
personal interest. It is characteristic 
of the Chautauqua Summer Schools 
that value is estimated, not in buildings, but in the qualities of the 
teachers, picked from many different institutions for their adaptability 
to Chautauqua purposes of popular education. A limited number of 
free scholarships in the schools is given in return for clerical and janitor 
service, and students who are working their way through school and 




A Good Catch of Muscallonge 



102 



Th/rough Ctautauqua 



college probably constitute the majority of table waiters in this summer 
community. The interesting democratic spirit of the place is shared by all. 
For the home student who has been following Chautauqua Courses 
of reading the Chautauqua season has those peculiar joys which cluster 
around every educational institution to which one looks as his alma mater. 
Associations with it are deep rooted, sentimental in the true sense, and 
practically advantageous as well. In the Chautauqua scheme for popu- 
lar education the summer season complements the home season of directed 
interests, inspires to renewed effort, and recognizes distinct achievement. 
From class meetings, C. L. S. C. council, and reception, through to 
rallying day, recognition day, and alumni banquet, the member of the 
C. L. S. C. has some warrant to feel that he touches the heart of Chau- 
tauqua as no other Chautauqua citizen can do. 

"A great institution cannot be produced ready made. It should never be 
forgotten that Chautauqua had no model to follow, no precedents to guide — or 
hamper — her; she has been obliged to grow from the bottom, and there are many 
experiments to be made in growth." — Ida M. Tarhell, in McClure's Magazine. 

**A fraternal, enthusiastic, methodical, and sustained attempt to elevate, 
enrich, and inspire the individual life in its entirety, by an appeal to the curi- 
osity, hopefulness, and ambition of those who would otherwise be debarred 
from the greatest opportunities of culture and spiritual advancement." — 
Professor Albert S. Cook, of Yale, in The Forimi. 

**The Chautauqua Idea, comprehensively stated, is religion realized in life, 
and culture in practical, not merely in theoretical, ways or barren creeds. 
Chautauqua cultivates faith and works." — The late Professor Herbert B. 
Adams, of Johns Hopkins University. 




Group of College biuDENi Hotel Waiters 
103 



Jl Readingjourney 

From the entrance of the Men's Club one may see the white pillars 
of the Grange Building, which adorns a site up Miller Avenue at the 
corner of Simpson. This memorial building was presented (1903) by 
Cyrus E. Jones of Jamestown, New York, in honor of his father Aaron 




Grange Building 

Jones, to Pomona Grange (Chautauqua County) of the Patrons of Hus- 
bandry. The combination of wood and concrete on expanded metal 
used for this building is striking. An appropriate memorial tablet has 
been set in place. Pomona Grange manages this Chautauqua headquar- 
ters; furnishings and various memorial gifts have been contributed. 
The Grange building is of special interest on the annual Grange Day of 
the Assembly season. 

From either the Men's Club or the Grange Building a few steps will 
bring us to Miller Park again. On the edge of it stands the Arcade, a 
typical summer resort verandahed structure, which since 1 89 1 has been 
occupied by the book-store and various other stalls and offices as differ- 
ent seasons required. Jeweler's shop, photographic and other studios, 
non-partisan Women's Christian Temperance Union and Young Women's 

104 



Tl)rough Cbautauqua 

Christian Association headquarters, dressmaking, fancy work, etc., 
have had their place on the Arcade directory. Sherwood Hall in the 
third story is especially adapted to rehearsals, musical and dramatic. 

At Miller Park the old Chautauquan is likely to grow reminiscent 
again over Yesterday and Today. Such a journey as we have taken 
reveals change after change in the material Chautauqua. The first frame 
cottage on the grounds, they tell us, once stood about fifty feet from 
the corner of the Arcade in the direction of the preserved stump in 
Miller Park. The Palace Hotel, the Oriental House (from which the 




The Arcade 



Mohammedan call to prayer was sounded), the tree fountain, the two- 
story combination frame and curtain strong-box for housing early Chau- 
tauqua platform celebrities during the season, appropriately dubbed ''the 
Ark"; the first and second groups of store and office buildings on the 
hill; the first Assembly Herald printing office; East Lake and West Lake 
within the grounds; the model of the city of Jerusalem (progenitor of the 
Jerusalem at the recent Louisiana Purchase Exposition) — these are but 
names of memory now at Chautauqua. 

105 



^ Readingjourney 



The first offices of administration stood where the driveways inter- 
sect in Miller Park to-day. We recall that only two of the public build- 
ings which are now standing anywhere on the grounds date back to the 
fourth and fifth annual assemblies — these and others must soon give way 
in their turn from sheer exhaustion of service. The private cottages 
which date back to the first decade of Assemblies are very few and most 

of them have been so changed 
by repairs that they are com- 
paratively new. The era of 
sanitation and the bath-tub 
came on; civic improvement 
bacilli are at work. Conges- 
tion of housing there still is 
in some quarters, but to the 
oldest Chautauquans the 
household improvements are 
very marked. 

Significantly we discern 
that changes at Chautauqua 
proclaim growth. The Chau- 
tauqua Idea has had the 
power of self-perpetuation in 
it. Chautauqua the place typ- 
ifies, but never has confined, 
the Chautauqua idea. Phys- 
ically the place has forever 
been inadequate to accommo- 
date the demands which have arisen from the constant educational needs 
of the people. We have seen in our Journey the classes hunting holes 
like foxes; groups of all kinds making nests for themselves; imperative 
needs ever clamoring for more adequate provision. 

To be sure progress from a tent "pavilion" to the Memorial Hall 
of Philosophy, from old Auditorium to Amphitheater, from ''Museum" 
to Aula Christi, from a two weeks' Summer Assembly to an all-the-year- 
round Institution, is a record proudly remarked by the second generation 
of Chautauquans. And one cannot fail to be impressed with the fact 
that giving to Chautauqua — in contributions to memorials, denominational, 
class and club buildings, endowment fund, but above all, in contribu- 
tions of personal service of the highest order — has characterized 
Chautauqua from the beginning. Chautauqua has been what Chautau- 

io6 




First General Office 



Thirough Cl)autauqua 

quans have made it. Hence the riches of association connected with 
almost every foot of the ground vi^e have been traveling. No wonder 
that Chautauquans are so loyal to the Institution, and desire that even 
the most casual visitor in a journey through Chautauqua may see some- 
thing of it as it appeals to them. 



From Yesterday and Today we naturally look forward. What of 
Tomorrow.'' 

Chautauqua lasts because it is able to adapt itself to new conditions 
as they arise. Ideas not buildings have made it what it is. Beginning 
as an experiment, it was not 
strange that physical equip- 
ment at Chautauqua should be 
considered a more or less tem- 
porary matter. Nevertheless, 
it is a revelation to note how 
many phases of development 
have left their visible mark on 
the Chautauqua grounds in 
some concrete form such as 
we have discovered in the 
course of our Journey. Hav- 
ing proved its right to be rec- 
ognized as an established 
Institution, the tendency is 
toward permanent buildings, 
in the long run less expen- 
sive to maintain and more 
suitable for the work. 

In the domain of ideas 
Chautauqua has been won- 
derfully prolific. As a 
School for Out-of-School peo- "The Ark" 

pie she has contributed an 

educational plan and an educational impulse of inestimable value; as 
the mother of study clubs and reading circles; as the model for scores of 
Assembly centers of popular culture all over the country; as a feeder of 
colleges — in any one of these fields alone her fruitfulness is unparalleled. 

Some of her ideas, as we have seen, have gone over to institutions 
endowed with facilities to handle them to better advantage. Although 

107 




j4 Reading Journey 



empowered as a university to grant degrees Chautauqua determined that 
her special field was to be distinct from the universityo The "old 
Chautauquan" can recall an honorable roll of ex-Chautauqua organiza- 
tions, like the ''School of Theology," ''School of Sacred Literature," 
"Church Congress," "Missionary Institute," "Teachers' Retreat," 
"Teachers' Reading Union, " "Tourist Conferences," "Town and Coun- 
try Club," "Young Folks' Reading Union," "Boys' Congress" (Mock 
Senate and House of Representatives), and "Mothers' Meetings." 
Adapted to the times and seasons when they were promulgated, they 
have been absorbed, appropriated, revived or promoted under other 
names and auspices, or superseded by means better adapted to changed 
conditions. In a sense, therefore, Chautauqua has been and will con- 
tinue to be an idea experiment station. For such sociological and 
educational tests it is considered that the capacity of the station is only 
limited by the endowment in various forms which may be provided. 

It is being demonstrated at Chautauqua, that a town, like more 
familiar kinds of educational "plants," can be administered summer and 
winter, for educational purposes. Town activities have centered upon 
the creation of special conditions of life and work during the summer 
season. Then there are some ten thousand residents besides excursion- 
ists. But the permanent population of the place has grown to about five 
hundred persons, and several thousand persons choose to live there in 
the spring and fall. Interesting possibilities of development for such an 
institutional town might tempt to prophecy. 

The idea of the "vacation school" for children is having a new-cen- 




Vacation School 
io8 



Thirough C/)autauqua 

tury run in progressive municipalities. As a long-established and 
successful vacation school of life for the whole family — father and 
mother as well as children — the Chautauqua summer community pre- 
sents another specific claim to endowment quite as strong as that of 
other institutions. The beginnings of general endowment already appear 
in a fund of sixty-five thousand dollars. The largest single gift to this 
fund, twenty-five thousand dollars, has come from Miss Helen Gould. 

May not the dream of a traveling faculty for the C. L. S. C, to 
further develop the all-the-year-round Chautauqua work of taking the 
''college outlook" into thousands of homes, soon come true? 




Sketch Map Showing Spread of Chautauqua Assemblies 

That hummocky ground we see between the Men's Club and the 
Pier is not a miniature golf course or a natural sand dune formation; it 
is a three-hundred-foot surviving Model of the land of Palestine, in 
the early days one of Chautauqua's most famous attractions to visitors. 
This model was originally constructed by Dr. W. W. Wythe, the idea 
being to present visual aid regarding Bible lands to Sunday School teach- 
ers and Bible students generally. The suggestion of Chautauqua's 
origin is here once more apparent. The model of Palestine was built 
to scale, plaster cities were properly located, mountains were plaster 
capped, and lecturers were followed by great crowds of eager listen- 
ers in tours over the land of Palestine from Mt. Hermon and the 



109 



A Readingjourney 




Model of Palestine in its Prime 

Bible students and teachers this model is of 
than of old. But it is exceedingly 
interesting to see how the idea thus 
expressed has persisted in the evolu- 
tion from the old Chautauqua Assem- 
bly to the Chautauqua Institution of 
the present. The ''Reading Jour- 
neys" of the Chautauqua Home 
Reading Courses are giving imaginary 
tours under authoritative guides in 
country after country the world over, 
as a part of the work of education 
of the people at home. Further- 
more, with the growth of the educa- 
tional activities and interests of Chau- 



Mountains of Leba- 
non to the foot of the 
Dead Sea and be- 
yond. The line of 
the shore of the lake 
was made to repre- 
sent the Mediterrane- 
an Sea, and the arti- 
ficial Dead Sea, River 
Jordan, and Sea of 
Galilee are easily rec- 
ognized by the ob- 
server. Such an ob- 
ject lesson was of 
very great value, even 
to the children; not 
only American schol- 
ars, but Oriental rep- 
resentatives, often in 
costume, led the tour- 
ist classes and vividly 
impressed their hear- 
ers. 

In these days of 

plentiful helps for 

less public importance 




Group in Oriental Costume, Model 
or Palestine 



IIO 



T})rough Ctautauqua 

tauqua the ''model" idea is behind the general plans of development 
of the site of Chautauqua. 

As we reach the starting-point of our little Journey, the Pier again, 
suppose we take another bird's-eye view based upon landscape and archi- 
tectural plans outlined for A More Beautiful Chautauqua. From a 
new water gate which shall some day dignify the lake approach one axis 
runs directly up the hill to the road and trolley gate. One may note evi- 







Designers' Plan for a More Beautiful Chautauqua 



dences of the survey in a line of posts stretching away through Miller 
Park. On the brow of the hill is an open space, left fortunately by the 
fire which destroyed old store buildings in 1904 and thereafter kept open, 
fiere at right angles is the main axis four ''backbone"), running from 
the new colonnade to the Hall of Philosophy and beyond, and in the 
opposite direction running to the college building along the "backbone" 
of our little Journey. Thus we have the main lines for a general plan of 
architectural readjustment and a landscape picture, capable of consum- 
mation under expert supervision as time goes on. Such a conception or 
treatment of the physical Chautauqua was undreamed of by the early 

III 



Chautauquans. Like Topsy Chautauqua "just growed." But Chau- 
tauqua is in touch with progressive thought, and the modern idea of 
adopting a city plan, in accordance with which grouping of pubHc build- 
ings, providing for open spaces, regulating new buildings, and preserv- 
ing natural beauties as well as significant monumental features, may be 
accomplished, has come to Chautauqua tO stamp its further development. 

Wisely the Board of Trustees sought the counsel of landscape 
designer, architect and sculptor, and a new idea of possible beauty, to 
be achieved in the course of time not alone in the permanent character 
of public buildings, but in the intelligent conservation of natural advan- 
tages, now dominates Chautauqua. 

That Chautauqua shall become in an educational sense a ''model 
town" is also a part of the cottagers' vision. No one expects a miracle 
at Chautauqua — it is not to be rebuilt or reconstructed as a model in a 
day. But the spirit of local improvement, front door and back door, 
co-operation by streets and districts in repairing, painting, cleaning, 
and planting, has already brought about distinctly better conditions in 
all parts of the grounds. It finds organized expression in a live ''Im- 
provement Association" employing a landscape gardener and working for 
as well as talking about a more beautiful Chautauqua. 

Use of the object-lesson plan, broadened from the old model of 
Palestine to a rising model of civic progress, may well serve as the most 
characteristic impression to carry away from Chautauqua. 



'<S%^ 




